Development and validation of non-axisymmetric heat flux simulations with 3D fields using the HEAT code

A. Wingen; M. Scotto d’Abusco; M. Churchill; D. Corona; N. Ferraro; A. Kleiner; T. Looby; S. Munaretto

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/adeff1

Development and validation of non-axisymmetric heat flux simulations with 3D fields using the HEAT code

A. Wingen, M. Scotto d’Abusco, M. Churchill, D. Corona, N. Ferraro, A. Kleiner, T. Looby, S. Munaretto

Advanced Tokamak Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

A new comprehensive module to simulate heat fluxes from three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields has been implemented in the HEAT code. Especially compact tokamaks like SPARC require tools to predict and manage large heat fluxes. Existing release versions of HEAT can only simulate axisymmetric heat flux on 3D plasma facing components. The new module uses an M3D-C1 perturbed equilibrium and the MAFOT code to trace field lines of the perturbed 3D magnetic field. Heat flux is then assigned to the resulting footprints via a 3D layer model. The model distinguishes between the scrape-off layer, the magnetic lobes and the private flux region, and employs only 0D parameters like the layer width, diffusive spread and the last closed flux surface position in the perturbed edge to generate a heat flux profile. The magnitude is normalized to the total input power. Resulting heat flux simulations are compared and validated against infrared measurements in the DIII-D tokamak with applied 3D fields; good agreement is found for several cases. The new module can now be applied to the SPARC tokamak; a preliminary result for applied rotating 3D fields is shown.

Original language	English
Article number	086029
Journal	Nuclear Fusion
Volume	65
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adeff1
State	Published - Aug 1 2025

Funding

This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Award(s) DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466 and in part by Commonwealth Fusion Systems. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

Keywords

HEAT code
M3D-C1 code
heat flux
nonaxisymmetric plasma
tokamak

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10.1088/1741-4326/adeff1

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title = "Development and validation of non-axisymmetric heat flux simulations with 3D fields using the HEAT code",

abstract = "A new comprehensive module to simulate heat fluxes from three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields has been implemented in the HEAT code. Especially compact tokamaks like SPARC require tools to predict and manage large heat fluxes. Existing release versions of HEAT can only simulate axisymmetric heat flux on 3D plasma facing components. The new module uses an M3D-C1 perturbed equilibrium and the MAFOT code to trace field lines of the perturbed 3D magnetic field. Heat flux is then assigned to the resulting footprints via a 3D layer model. The model distinguishes between the scrape-off layer, the magnetic lobes and the private flux region, and employs only 0D parameters like the layer width, diffusive spread and the last closed flux surface position in the perturbed edge to generate a heat flux profile. The magnitude is normalized to the total input power. Resulting heat flux simulations are compared and validated against infrared measurements in the DIII-D tokamak with applied 3D fields; good agreement is found for several cases. The new module can now be applied to the SPARC tokamak; a preliminary result for applied rotating 3D fields is shown.",

keywords = "HEAT code, M3D-C1 code, heat flux, nonaxisymmetric plasma, tokamak",

author = "A. Wingen and \{Scotto d{\textquoteright}Abusco\}, M. and M. Churchill and D. Corona and N. Ferraro and A. Kleiner and T. Looby and S. Munaretto",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the IAEA.",

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doi = "10.1088/1741-4326/adeff1",

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AU - Wingen, A.

AU - Scotto d’Abusco, M.

AU - Churchill, M.

AU - Corona, D.

AU - Ferraro, N.

AU - Kleiner, A.

AU - Looby, T.

AU - Munaretto, S.

PY - 2025/8/1

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N2 - A new comprehensive module to simulate heat fluxes from three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields has been implemented in the HEAT code. Especially compact tokamaks like SPARC require tools to predict and manage large heat fluxes. Existing release versions of HEAT can only simulate axisymmetric heat flux on 3D plasma facing components. The new module uses an M3D-C1 perturbed equilibrium and the MAFOT code to trace field lines of the perturbed 3D magnetic field. Heat flux is then assigned to the resulting footprints via a 3D layer model. The model distinguishes between the scrape-off layer, the magnetic lobes and the private flux region, and employs only 0D parameters like the layer width, diffusive spread and the last closed flux surface position in the perturbed edge to generate a heat flux profile. The magnitude is normalized to the total input power. Resulting heat flux simulations are compared and validated against infrared measurements in the DIII-D tokamak with applied 3D fields; good agreement is found for several cases. The new module can now be applied to the SPARC tokamak; a preliminary result for applied rotating 3D fields is shown.

AB - A new comprehensive module to simulate heat fluxes from three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields has been implemented in the HEAT code. Especially compact tokamaks like SPARC require tools to predict and manage large heat fluxes. Existing release versions of HEAT can only simulate axisymmetric heat flux on 3D plasma facing components. The new module uses an M3D-C1 perturbed equilibrium and the MAFOT code to trace field lines of the perturbed 3D magnetic field. Heat flux is then assigned to the resulting footprints via a 3D layer model. The model distinguishes between the scrape-off layer, the magnetic lobes and the private flux region, and employs only 0D parameters like the layer width, diffusive spread and the last closed flux surface position in the perturbed edge to generate a heat flux profile. The magnitude is normalized to the total input power. Resulting heat flux simulations are compared and validated against infrared measurements in the DIII-D tokamak with applied 3D fields; good agreement is found for several cases. The new module can now be applied to the SPARC tokamak; a preliminary result for applied rotating 3D fields is shown.

KW - HEAT code

KW - M3D-C1 code

KW - heat flux

KW - nonaxisymmetric plasma

KW - tokamak

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011583903

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DO - 10.1088/1741-4326/adeff1

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105011583903

SN - 0029-5515

VL - 65

JO - Nuclear Fusion

JF - Nuclear Fusion

IS - 8

M1 - 086029

ER -

Development and validation of non-axisymmetric heat flux simulations with 3D fields using the HEAT code

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