Detection of Polar Compounds Condensed on Particulate Matter Using Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Sam Lewis, John Storey, Raynella Connatser, Scott Curran, Melanie Moses-Debusk

Research output: Contribution to journalConference articlepeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

A new analytical method to aid in the understanding of the organic carbon (OC) phase of particulate matter (PM) from advanced compression ignition (ACI) operating modes, is presented. The presence of NO2 and unburned fuel aromatics in ACI emissions, and the low exhaust temperatures that result from this low temperature combustion strategy, provide the right conditions for the formation of carboxylic acids and nitroaromatic compounds. These polar compounds contribute to OC in the PM and are not typically measured using nonpolar solvent extraction methods such as the soluble organic fraction (SOF) method. The new extraction and detection method employs capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI MS) and was specifically developed to determine polar organic compounds in the ACI PM emissions. The new method identified both nitrophenols and aromatic carboxylic acids in the ACI PM. The ACI air-fuel stratification mode and NOx emissions were found to correlate with the presence and amount of the individual polar species identified.

Original languageEnglish
JournalSAE Technical Papers
Volume2020-April
Issue numberApril
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 14 2020
EventSAE 2020 World Congress Experience, WCX 2020 - Detroit, United States
Duration: Apr 21 2020Apr 23 2020

Funding

This research was conducted as part of the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) project sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices, and used resources at the National Transportation Research Center, a DOE-EERE User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Co-Optima is a collaborative project of multiple national laboratories and universities initiated to simultaneously accelerate the introduction of affordable, scalable, and sustainable biofuels and high-efficiency, low-emission vehicle engines. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support and guidance of Kevin Stork at DOE. The authors also acknowledge the contributions from the following ORNL engineers, researchers, and technicians for this project: Scott Sluder, Jim Szybist, Steve Whitted, and Scott Palko.

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