Detailed hydrocarbon speciation and particulate matter emissions during cold-start from turbocharged and naturally aspirated trucks

Melanie Moses-DeBusk; John M.E. Storey; Samuel A. Lewis; R. Maggie Connatser; Shannon M. Mahurin; Shean Huff; Cyril V. Thompson; Yensil Park

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128804

Detailed hydrocarbon speciation and particulate matter emissions during cold-start from turbocharged and naturally aspirated trucks

Melanie Moses-DeBusk, John M.E. Storey, Samuel A. Lewis, R. Maggie Connatser, Shannon M. Mahurin, Shean Huff, Cyril V. Thompson, Yensil Park

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Cold-start emissions remain a barrier to vehicle emissions targets and the race to zero impact emissions. Current aftertreatment catalysts are highly efficient once active but struggle at lower temperatures encountered during a cold-start. Significant research can be found on controlling cold-start NOx emissions with fewer studies on the closely linked hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. This study provides a detailed characterization of HC and PM emissions during cold-start transients to facilitate the development of emissions control technologies for cold-start emissions reduction. To fill this knowledge gap, cumulative and time-resolved speciation of the HC composition and particulate particle size over the initial 250s of the FTP-75 drive cycle were investigated. Emissions from both a turbocharged (t-GDI) and a naturally aspirated (na-GDI) vehicle were compared to capture the range of emissions that cold-start trapping technologies might encounter across different engine architectures. While cumulative emissions were found to be similar, time-resolved measurements show HC composition and particle sizing varied during the cold-start.

Original language	English
Article number	128804
Journal	Fuel
Volume	350
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128804
State	Published - Oct 15 2023

Funding

This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The publisher acknowledges the US government license to provide public access under the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Bioenergy Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices and conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors greatly appreciate support from Programs Manager Ken Howden, Siddiq Khan and Gurpreet Singh for their support and guidance of this work. Special thanks is extended to Larry Moore for driving the vehicles during testing and along with Steve Whitted and Scott Palko for all their assistance preparing the vehicles for testing.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Keywords

Cold-start
Hydrocarbon emissions
Hydrocarbon trap (HC-trap)
Particles number (PN)
Particulate size

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10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128804

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title = "Detailed hydrocarbon speciation and particulate matter emissions during cold-start from turbocharged and naturally aspirated trucks",

abstract = "Cold-start emissions remain a barrier to vehicle emissions targets and the race to zero impact emissions. Current aftertreatment catalysts are highly efficient once active but struggle at lower temperatures encountered during a cold-start. Significant research can be found on controlling cold-start NOx emissions with fewer studies on the closely linked hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. This study provides a detailed characterization of HC and PM emissions during cold-start transients to facilitate the development of emissions control technologies for cold-start emissions reduction. To fill this knowledge gap, cumulative and time-resolved speciation of the HC composition and particulate particle size over the initial 250s of the FTP-75 drive cycle were investigated. Emissions from both a turbocharged (t-GDI) and a naturally aspirated (na-GDI) vehicle were compared to capture the range of emissions that cold-start trapping technologies might encounter across different engine architectures. While cumulative emissions were found to be similar, time-resolved measurements show HC composition and particle sizing varied during the cold-start.",

keywords = "Cold-start, Hydrocarbon emissions, Hydrocarbon trap (HC-trap), Particles number (PN), Particulate size",

author = "Melanie Moses-DeBusk and Storey, {John M.E.} and Lewis, {Samuel A.} and {Maggie Connatser}, R. and Mahurin, {Shannon M.} and Shean Huff and Thompson, {Cyril V.} and Yensil Park",

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year = "2023",

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AU - Storey, John M.E.

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AU - Maggie Connatser, R.

AU - Mahurin, Shannon M.

AU - Huff, Shean

AU - Thompson, Cyril V.

AU - Park, Yensil

PY - 2023/10/15

Y1 - 2023/10/15

N2 - Cold-start emissions remain a barrier to vehicle emissions targets and the race to zero impact emissions. Current aftertreatment catalysts are highly efficient once active but struggle at lower temperatures encountered during a cold-start. Significant research can be found on controlling cold-start NOx emissions with fewer studies on the closely linked hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. This study provides a detailed characterization of HC and PM emissions during cold-start transients to facilitate the development of emissions control technologies for cold-start emissions reduction. To fill this knowledge gap, cumulative and time-resolved speciation of the HC composition and particulate particle size over the initial 250s of the FTP-75 drive cycle were investigated. Emissions from both a turbocharged (t-GDI) and a naturally aspirated (na-GDI) vehicle were compared to capture the range of emissions that cold-start trapping technologies might encounter across different engine architectures. While cumulative emissions were found to be similar, time-resolved measurements show HC composition and particle sizing varied during the cold-start.

AB - Cold-start emissions remain a barrier to vehicle emissions targets and the race to zero impact emissions. Current aftertreatment catalysts are highly efficient once active but struggle at lower temperatures encountered during a cold-start. Significant research can be found on controlling cold-start NOx emissions with fewer studies on the closely linked hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. This study provides a detailed characterization of HC and PM emissions during cold-start transients to facilitate the development of emissions control technologies for cold-start emissions reduction. To fill this knowledge gap, cumulative and time-resolved speciation of the HC composition and particulate particle size over the initial 250s of the FTP-75 drive cycle were investigated. Emissions from both a turbocharged (t-GDI) and a naturally aspirated (na-GDI) vehicle were compared to capture the range of emissions that cold-start trapping technologies might encounter across different engine architectures. While cumulative emissions were found to be similar, time-resolved measurements show HC composition and particle sizing varied during the cold-start.

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KW - Particulate size

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Detailed hydrocarbon speciation and particulate matter emissions during cold-start from turbocharged and naturally aspirated trucks

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Keywords

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