Abstract
The Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project is underway at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The project will double the proton accelerator power from 1.4 MW to 2.8 MW, increase power to the First Target Station (FTS), and enable a future Second Target Station (STS). The power increase partly comes from raising proton energy from 1.0 GeV to 1.3 GeV. The STS will operate at 0.7 MW at 15 Hz when completed. Until then, PPU will provide the capability to operate the FTS at 2.0 MW at 60 Hz. Maximum power at the FTS to date has been 1.4 MW at 60 Hz with 1.0 GeV protons. A new mercury target module design to operate reliably under PPU conditions has been completed after a multi-year effort. The design philosophy and assessment of the structural analysis are described here. This target underwent an unprecedented design and analysis process for SNS using the latest engineering techniques and incorporating years of operating lessons and outcomes from R&D to meet structural design criteria. It also incorporates high-flow gas injection to further mitigate pulse fatigue stresses as well as cavitation damage to the mercury vessel.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 165799 |
Journal | Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment |
Volume | 1018 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 1 2021 |
Funding
This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. This research used resources of the Spallation Neutron Source, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. The authors would like to recognize other individuals who contributed to successful completion of the PPU 2 MW target design. Bernie Riemer, who provided mentorship, valuable design insight, and continuous support of the team throughout the multiyear effort. A special appreciation is also due to Bernie Riemer for the review of this manuscript. Charlotte Barbier, who led the fluids/gas injection R&D program and who was responsible for all CFD analyses among her other project responsibilities. Drew Winder, who provided valuable mentorship and worked tirelessly in the background to allow the team to remain focused on the development effort. A further thank you is due to Drew Winder as well for his reviews of drawings, specifications, and calculations. Saul Kaminskas, who completed the internal study of tetrahedral element for use in explicit target analysis. We also acknowledge and appreciate the support from Dassault-Simulia, who provided the resources needed for the explicit analysis scaling study. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE) . The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences . This research used resources of the Spallation Neutron Source, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
Keywords
- Mercury target evaluation
- Mercury target vessel
- PPU
- SNS
- Spallation neutron source