Density Measurements of Molten LiF-BeF2 and LiF-BeF2-LaF3 Salt Mixtures by Neutron Radiography

Jisue Moon; Joanna McFarlane; Hunter B. Andrews; Kevin R. Robb; Molly Ross; Dino Sulejmanovic; Yuxuan Zhang; Erik Stringfellow; Can Agca; Juliano Schorne-Pinto; Theodore M. Besmann

doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c01446

Density Measurements of Molten LiF-BeF₂ and LiF-BeF₂-LaF₃ Salt Mixtures by Neutron Radiography

Jisue Moon
, Joanna McFarlane
, Hunter B. Andrews
, Kevin R. Robb
, Molly Ross
, Dino Sulejmanovic
, Yuxuan Zhang
, Erik Stringfellow
, Can Agca
, Juliano Schorne-Pinto
, Theodore M. Besmann

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

The densities of eutectic (LiF)₂-BeF₂ and mixtures of this salt (FLiBe) with LaF₃ were measured by dilatometry and by neutron attenuation from 673 K to 1,073 K. Because LaF₃ has a limited solubility in FLiBe, it was necessary to determine the amount of LaF₃ in solution before the density could be determined. The FLiBe density determination was favorably benchmarked against the literature data. A simple comparison was not available for the LaF₃-FLiBe mixtures, so extrapolation of published data was necessary based on analysis using the Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database-Thermochemistry, or MSTDB-TC, developed by the US Department of Energy. Solubilities for LaF₃ in FLiBe ranged from 1 to 4 mol % over 673 to 1,073 K. The salt system was heated and cooled over 24 h to evaluate potential changes in composition and hysteresis during the measurement. Changes in the meniscus were observed, and these were included in the correction for density determinations. Salt surface tension may have led to supersaturation of LaF₃ in the salt because the solubility curve was nonlinear with respect to the inverse temperature, as would be expected for an ideal system. Surface tension measurements are currently underway to test this hypothesis.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	27204-27213
Number of pages	10
Journal	ACS Omega
Volume	9
Issue number	25
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c01446
State	Published - Jun 25 2024

Funding

Funding for this work was provided by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy, Advanced Reactor Development and Licensing Program for MSRs. Neutron radiography measurements were taken at the Multimodal Advanced Radiography Station (CG-1D) at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle LLC under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript or allow others to do so for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ).

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10.1021/acsomega.4c01446

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title = "Density Measurements of Molten LiF-BeF2 and LiF-BeF2-LaF3 Salt Mixtures by Neutron Radiography",

abstract = "The densities of eutectic (LiF)2-BeF2 and mixtures of this salt (FLiBe) with LaF3 were measured by dilatometry and by neutron attenuation from 673 K to 1,073 K. Because LaF3 has a limited solubility in FLiBe, it was necessary to determine the amount of LaF3 in solution before the density could be determined. The FLiBe density determination was favorably benchmarked against the literature data. A simple comparison was not available for the LaF3-FLiBe mixtures, so extrapolation of published data was necessary based on analysis using the Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database-Thermochemistry, or MSTDB-TC, developed by the US Department of Energy. Solubilities for LaF3 in FLiBe ranged from 1 to 4 mol \% over 673 to 1,073 K. The salt system was heated and cooled over 24 h to evaluate potential changes in composition and hysteresis during the measurement. Changes in the meniscus were observed, and these were included in the correction for density determinations. Salt surface tension may have led to supersaturation of LaF3 in the salt because the solubility curve was nonlinear with respect to the inverse temperature, as would be expected for an ideal system. Surface tension measurements are currently underway to test this hypothesis.",

author = "Jisue Moon and Joanna McFarlane and Andrews, \{Hunter B.\} and Robb, \{Kevin R.\} and Molly Ross and Dino Sulejmanovic and Yuxuan Zhang and Erik Stringfellow and Can Agca and Juliano Schorne-Pinto and Besmann, \{Theodore M.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.",

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T1 - Density Measurements of Molten LiF-BeF2 and LiF-BeF2-LaF3 Salt Mixtures by Neutron Radiography

AU - Moon, Jisue

AU - McFarlane, Joanna

AU - Andrews, Hunter B.

AU - Robb, Kevin R.

AU - Ross, Molly

AU - Sulejmanovic, Dino

AU - Zhang, Yuxuan

AU - Stringfellow, Erik

AU - Agca, Can

AU - Schorne-Pinto, Juliano

AU - Besmann, Theodore M.

PY - 2024/6/25

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N2 - The densities of eutectic (LiF)2-BeF2 and mixtures of this salt (FLiBe) with LaF3 were measured by dilatometry and by neutron attenuation from 673 K to 1,073 K. Because LaF3 has a limited solubility in FLiBe, it was necessary to determine the amount of LaF3 in solution before the density could be determined. The FLiBe density determination was favorably benchmarked against the literature data. A simple comparison was not available for the LaF3-FLiBe mixtures, so extrapolation of published data was necessary based on analysis using the Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database-Thermochemistry, or MSTDB-TC, developed by the US Department of Energy. Solubilities for LaF3 in FLiBe ranged from 1 to 4 mol % over 673 to 1,073 K. The salt system was heated and cooled over 24 h to evaluate potential changes in composition and hysteresis during the measurement. Changes in the meniscus were observed, and these were included in the correction for density determinations. Salt surface tension may have led to supersaturation of LaF3 in the salt because the solubility curve was nonlinear with respect to the inverse temperature, as would be expected for an ideal system. Surface tension measurements are currently underway to test this hypothesis.

AB - The densities of eutectic (LiF)2-BeF2 and mixtures of this salt (FLiBe) with LaF3 were measured by dilatometry and by neutron attenuation from 673 K to 1,073 K. Because LaF3 has a limited solubility in FLiBe, it was necessary to determine the amount of LaF3 in solution before the density could be determined. The FLiBe density determination was favorably benchmarked against the literature data. A simple comparison was not available for the LaF3-FLiBe mixtures, so extrapolation of published data was necessary based on analysis using the Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database-Thermochemistry, or MSTDB-TC, developed by the US Department of Energy. Solubilities for LaF3 in FLiBe ranged from 1 to 4 mol % over 673 to 1,073 K. The salt system was heated and cooled over 24 h to evaluate potential changes in composition and hysteresis during the measurement. Changes in the meniscus were observed, and these were included in the correction for density determinations. Salt surface tension may have led to supersaturation of LaF3 in the salt because the solubility curve was nonlinear with respect to the inverse temperature, as would be expected for an ideal system. Surface tension measurements are currently underway to test this hypothesis.

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M3 - Article

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JF - ACS Omega

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ER -

Density Measurements of Molten LiF-BeF₂ and LiF-BeF₂-LaF₃ Salt Mixtures by Neutron Radiography

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