Abstract
Features of decadal–multidecadal variations of the Asian summer rainfall are revealed by analysis of the reconstructed Asian summer precipitation (RAP) dataset from 1470 to 2013. Significant low-frequency periodicities of the all-Asian rainfall (AAR) index (AARI) are found on decadal (8–10 yr), quasi-bidecadal (22 yr), and multidecadal (50–54 yr) time scales, as well as centennial time scales. The decadal and multidecadal peaks are mainly from the ‘‘monsoon Asia’’ area and the Maritime Continent, while the 22-yr peak is from the ‘‘arid Asia’’ area. A remarkable change of leading frequency from multidecadal to decadal after AD 1700 is detected across the entire Asian landmass. The leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes on the decadal and multidecadal time scales exhibit a uniform structure similar to that on the interannual time scale, suggesting a cross-time-scale, in-phase variation of the rainfall across continental Asia and the Maritime Continent. Enhanced AAR on a decadal time scale is found associated with the mega-La Niña sea surface temperature (SST) pattern over the Pacific. The AARI–mega-ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) relationship is persistently significant except from 1820 to around 1900. Enhanced decadal AAR is also found to be associated with extratropical North Atlantic warming. The AARI–AMO (Atlantic multidecadal oscillation) relationship, however, is nonstationary. On the multidecadal time scale, the AAR is significantly related to the AMO. Mechanisms associated with the decadal–multidecadal variability of AAR are also discussed.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 7663-7674 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Journal of Climate |
| Volume | 32 |
| Issue number | 22 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 1 2019 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Funding
Acknowledgments. We appreciate the comments from the editor and reviewers, which led to the improved manuscript. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41420104002), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant 2016YFA0600401), and the National Science Foundation (Climate Dynamics Division) Award AGS-1540783. This is publication No. 10763 of the SOEST, publication No. 1398 of IPRC, and publication No. 276 of Earth System Modeling Center (ESMC). Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 2c dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. We appreciate the comments from the editor and reviewers, which led to the improved manuscript. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41420104002), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant 2016YFA0600401), and the National Science Foundation (Climate Dynamics Division) Award AGS-1540783. This is publication No. 10763 of the SOEST, publication No. 1398 of IPRC, and publication No. 276 of Earth System Modeling Center (ESMC). Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 2c dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office.