Dark Energy Survey Year 6 results: cell-based coadds and METADETECTION weak lensing shape catalogue

DES Collaboration)

doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1661

Dark Energy Survey Year 6 results: cell-based coadds and METADETECTION weak lensing shape catalogue

DES Collaboration)

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Abstract

We present the METADETECTION weak lensing galaxy shape catalogue from the 6-yr Dark Energy Survey (DES Y6) imaging data. This data set is the final release from DES, spanning 4422 deg² of the southern sky. We describe how the catalogue was constructed, including the two new major processing steps, cell-based image coaddition, and shear measurements with METADETECTION. The DES Y6 METADETECTION weak lensing shape catalogue consists of 151 922 791 galaxies detected over riz bands, with an effective number density of n_eff = 8.22 galaxies per arcmin² and shape noise of σ_e = 0.29. We carry out a suite of validation tests on the catalogue, including testing for point spread function (PSF) leakage, testing for the impact of PSF modelling errors, and testing the correlation of the shear measurements with galaxy, PSF, and survey properties. In addition to demonstrating that our catalogue is robust for weak lensing science, we use the DES Y6 image simulation suite to estimate the overall multiplicative shear bias of our shear measurement pipeline. We find no detectable multiplicative bias at the roughly half-per cent level, with m = (3.4 ± 6.1) × 10⁻³, at 3σ uncertainty. This is the first time both cell-based coaddition and METADETECTION algorithms are applied to observational data, paving the way to the Stage-IV weak lensing surveys.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4156-4186
Number of pages	31
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	543
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1661
State	Published - Nov 1 2025

Funding

Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants PID2021-123012, PID2021-128989, PID2022-141079, SEV-2016-0588, CEX2020-001058-M, and CEX2020-001007-S, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. All authors contributed to this paper and/or carried out infrastructure work that made this analysis possible. MY performed almost all analysis and manuscript preparation. MRB and ESS contributed to analysis and manuscript preparation, and developed cell-based coadd and METADETECTION software. MJ contributed to the analysis and development of METADETECTION and the cell-based coadds. RG and FM ran the cell-based coadding code and METADETECTION on the full survey data set and provided technical support for the analysis. ESR contributed to generating masks. SM contributed to developing the image simulation suite, ran the simulations, and analysed the results. TS, MG, and MAT contributed to the analysis. DA contributed to running the image simulations. AA, DA, GB, MT, AT, and BY contributed to analysis interpretation as members of the DES Y6 shear analysis team. AA, DG, and EH contributed to manuscript preparation as collaboration internal reviewers. The remaining authors have made contributions to this paper that include, but are not limited to, the construction of DECam and other aspects of collecting the data; data processing and calibration; developing broadly used methods, codes, and simulations; running the pipelines and validation tests; and promoting the science analysis. This document was prepared by the DES Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Forward Discovery Group, LLC, acting under Contract No. 89243024CSC000002. Argonne National Laboratory’s work was supported under the U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.

Keywords

cosmology: observations
gravitational lensing: weak
techniques: image processing

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10.1093/mnras/staf1661

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@article{3330412498a64f3c8c5cf0c688bd35e5,

title = "Dark Energy Survey Year 6 results: cell-based coadds and METADETECTION weak lensing shape catalogue",

abstract = "We present the METADETECTION weak lensing galaxy shape catalogue from the 6-yr Dark Energy Survey (DES Y6) imaging data. This data set is the final release from DES, spanning 4422 deg2 of the southern sky. We describe how the catalogue was constructed, including the two new major processing steps, cell-based image coaddition, and shear measurements with METADETECTION. The DES Y6 METADETECTION weak lensing shape catalogue consists of 151 922 791 galaxies detected over riz bands, with an effective number density of neff = 8.22 galaxies per arcmin2 and shape noise of σe = 0.29. We carry out a suite of validation tests on the catalogue, including testing for point spread function (PSF) leakage, testing for the impact of PSF modelling errors, and testing the correlation of the shear measurements with galaxy, PSF, and survey properties. In addition to demonstrating that our catalogue is robust for weak lensing science, we use the DES Y6 image simulation suite to estimate the overall multiplicative shear bias of our shear measurement pipeline. We find no detectable multiplicative bias at the roughly half-per cent level, with m = (3.4 ± 6.1) × 10−3, at 3σ uncertainty. This is the first time both cell-based coaddition and METADETECTION algorithms are applied to observational data, paving the way to the Stage-IV weak lensing surveys.",

keywords = "cosmology: observations, gravitational lensing: weak, techniques: image processing",

author = "\{DES Collaboration)\} and M. Yamamoto and Becker, \{M. R.\} and E. Sheldon and M. Jarvis and Gruendl, \{R. A.\} and F. Menanteau and Rykoff, \{E. S.\} and S. Mau and T. Schutt and M. Gatti and Troxel, \{M. A.\} and A. Amon and D. Anbajagane and Bernstein, \{G. M.\} and D. Gruen and Huff, \{E. M.\} and M. Tabbutt and A. Tong and B. Yanny and Abbott, \{T. M.C.\} and M. Aguena and A. Alarcon and F. Andrade-Oliveira and K. Bechtol and J. Blazek and D. Brooks and \{Carnero Rosell\}, A. and J. Carretero and C. Chang and A. Choi and M. Costanzi and M. Crocce and \{da Costa\}, \{L. N.\} and Davis, \{T. M.\} and \{De Vicente\}, J. and S. Desai and Diehl, \{H. T.\} and S. Dodelson and P. Doel and C. Doux and A. Drlica-Wagner and A. Fert{\'e} and B. Flaugher and P. Fosalba and J. Frieman and J. Garc{\'i}a-Bellido and E. Gaztanaga and G. Giannini and G. Gutierrez and E. Suchyta",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025.",

year = "2025",

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doi = "10.1093/mnras/staf1661",

language = "English",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Dark Energy Survey Year 6 results

T2 - cell-based coadds and METADETECTION weak lensing shape catalogue

AU - DES Collaboration)

AU - Yamamoto, M.

AU - Becker, M. R.

AU - Sheldon, E.

AU - Jarvis, M.

AU - Gruendl, R. A.

AU - Menanteau, F.

AU - Rykoff, E. S.

AU - Mau, S.

AU - Schutt, T.

AU - Gatti, M.

AU - Troxel, M. A.

AU - Amon, A.

AU - Anbajagane, D.

AU - Bernstein, G. M.

AU - Gruen, D.

AU - Huff, E. M.

AU - Tabbutt, M.

AU - Tong, A.

AU - Yanny, B.

AU - Abbott, T. M.C.

AU - Aguena, M.

AU - Alarcon, A.

AU - Andrade-Oliveira, F.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Blazek, J.

AU - Brooks, D.

AU - Carnero Rosell, A.

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - Chang, C.

AU - Choi, A.

AU - Costanzi, M.

AU - Crocce, M.

AU - da Costa, L. N.

AU - Davis, T. M.

AU - De Vicente, J.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Dodelson, S.

AU - Doel, P.

AU - Doux, C.

AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

AU - Ferté, A.

AU - Flaugher, B.

AU - Fosalba, P.

AU - Frieman, J.

AU - García-Bellido, J.

AU - Gaztanaga, E.

AU - Giannini, G.

AU - Gutierrez, G.

AU - Suchyta, E.

PY - 2025/11/1

Y1 - 2025/11/1

N2 - We present the METADETECTION weak lensing galaxy shape catalogue from the 6-yr Dark Energy Survey (DES Y6) imaging data. This data set is the final release from DES, spanning 4422 deg2 of the southern sky. We describe how the catalogue was constructed, including the two new major processing steps, cell-based image coaddition, and shear measurements with METADETECTION. The DES Y6 METADETECTION weak lensing shape catalogue consists of 151 922 791 galaxies detected over riz bands, with an effective number density of neff = 8.22 galaxies per arcmin2 and shape noise of σe = 0.29. We carry out a suite of validation tests on the catalogue, including testing for point spread function (PSF) leakage, testing for the impact of PSF modelling errors, and testing the correlation of the shear measurements with galaxy, PSF, and survey properties. In addition to demonstrating that our catalogue is robust for weak lensing science, we use the DES Y6 image simulation suite to estimate the overall multiplicative shear bias of our shear measurement pipeline. We find no detectable multiplicative bias at the roughly half-per cent level, with m = (3.4 ± 6.1) × 10−3, at 3σ uncertainty. This is the first time both cell-based coaddition and METADETECTION algorithms are applied to observational data, paving the way to the Stage-IV weak lensing surveys.

AB - We present the METADETECTION weak lensing galaxy shape catalogue from the 6-yr Dark Energy Survey (DES Y6) imaging data. This data set is the final release from DES, spanning 4422 deg2 of the southern sky. We describe how the catalogue was constructed, including the two new major processing steps, cell-based image coaddition, and shear measurements with METADETECTION. The DES Y6 METADETECTION weak lensing shape catalogue consists of 151 922 791 galaxies detected over riz bands, with an effective number density of neff = 8.22 galaxies per arcmin2 and shape noise of σe = 0.29. We carry out a suite of validation tests on the catalogue, including testing for point spread function (PSF) leakage, testing for the impact of PSF modelling errors, and testing the correlation of the shear measurements with galaxy, PSF, and survey properties. In addition to demonstrating that our catalogue is robust for weak lensing science, we use the DES Y6 image simulation suite to estimate the overall multiplicative shear bias of our shear measurement pipeline. We find no detectable multiplicative bias at the roughly half-per cent level, with m = (3.4 ± 6.1) × 10−3, at 3σ uncertainty. This is the first time both cell-based coaddition and METADETECTION algorithms are applied to observational data, paving the way to the Stage-IV weak lensing surveys.

KW - cosmology: observations

KW - gravitational lensing: weak

KW - techniques: image processing

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019746542

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/staf1661

DO - 10.1093/mnras/staf1661

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105019746542

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 543

SP - 4156

EP - 4186

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

Dark Energy Survey Year 6 results: cell-based coadds and METADETECTION weak lensing shape catalogue

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