Crystal growth and characterization of high performance KSr2BrxI5−x:Eu scintillators

L. Stand; M. Zhuravleva; J. Johnson; M. Koschan; M. Loyd; Y. Wu; E. Lukosi; C. L. Melcher

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125213

Crystal growth and characterization of high performance KSr₂Br_xI_5−x:Eu scintillators

L. Stand, M. Zhuravleva, J. Johnson, M. Koschan, M. Loyd, Y. Wu, E. Lukosi, C. L. Melcher

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this work we investigated the effects of replacing some of the matrix iodine atoms in KSr₂I₅:Eu with bromine, forming new solid solutions of KSr₂Br_xI_(5−x):Eu (where 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 1). Transparent 15 and 22 mm diameter single crystals of KSr₂Br_xI_(5−x):Eu were grown via the vertical Bridgman technique using a two-zone transparent furnace. The scintillation properties of the mixed compounds were investigated and compared to the non-mixed parent compound, KSr₂I₅:Eu. The addition of bromine blue-shifted the x-ray excited emission from 450 to 446 nm, increased the light yield by ~11% and decreased the scintillation decay time by suppressing its secondary component (≥3 µs), while maintaining energy resolutions comparable to the reference crystal. Thermoluminescence glow curves showed that the addition of bromine modified the shallow traps located between 25 and 55 K, suggesting that these traps are responsible for lengthening KSI's decay time. In large sizes (10.3 cm³), KSr₂Br_0.10I_4.90:Eu 2% had light yields up to 79,000 ph/MeV and energy resolutions as low as 3.2% at 662 keV.

Original language	English
Article number	125213
Journal	Journal of Crystal Growth
Volume	526
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125213
State	Published - Nov 15 2019
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This work was supported by the US Department of Homeland Security, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office, under grant # 2014-DN-077-ARI088-03. This support does not constitute an express or implied endorsement on the part of the Government This material is also based on work supported in part by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration through the Nuclear Science and Security Consortium under Award Number DE-NA-0003180 and/or DE-NA0000979. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. One of the authors acknowledges the partial support of the Center for Materials Processing, a Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC) supported Accomplished Center of Excellence. This work was supported by the US Department of Homeland Security, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office , under grant # 2014-DN-077-ARI088-03 . This support does not constitute an express or implied endorsement on the part of the Government This material is also based on work supported in part by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration through the Nuclear Science and Security Consortium under Award Number DE-NA-0003180 and/or DE-NA0000979. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. One of the authors acknowledges the partial support of the Center for Materials Processing, a Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC) supported Accomplished Center of Excellence..

Funders	Funder number
Domestic Nuclear Detection Office	2014-DN-077-ARI088-03
Government
Nuclear Science and Security Consortium
Tennessee Higher Education Commission
United States Government
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
National Nuclear Security Administration	DE-NA-0003180, DE-NA0000979
Alabama Commission on Higher Education
Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University

Keywords

A1. Solid solutions
A2. Bridgman technique
A2. Single crystal growth
B1. Halides
B1. Inorganic compounds
B2. Scintillator materials

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125213

Cite this

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title = "Crystal growth and characterization of high performance KSr2BrxI5−x:Eu scintillators",

abstract = "In this work we investigated the effects of replacing some of the matrix iodine atoms in KSr2I5:Eu with bromine, forming new solid solutions of KSr2BrxI(5−x):Eu (where 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 1). Transparent 15 and 22 mm diameter single crystals of KSr2BrxI(5−x):Eu were grown via the vertical Bridgman technique using a two-zone transparent furnace. The scintillation properties of the mixed compounds were investigated and compared to the non-mixed parent compound, KSr2I5:Eu. The addition of bromine blue-shifted the x-ray excited emission from 450 to 446 nm, increased the light yield by ~11% and decreased the scintillation decay time by suppressing its secondary component (≥3 µs), while maintaining energy resolutions comparable to the reference crystal. Thermoluminescence glow curves showed that the addition of bromine modified the shallow traps located between 25 and 55 K, suggesting that these traps are responsible for lengthening KSI's decay time. In large sizes (10.3 cm3), KSr2Br0.10I4.90:Eu 2% had light yields up to 79,000 ph/MeV and energy resolutions as low as 3.2% at 662 keV.",

keywords = "A1. Solid solutions, A2. Bridgman technique, A2. Single crystal growth, B1. Halides, B1. Inorganic compounds, B2. Scintillator materials",

author = "L. Stand and M. Zhuravleva and J. Johnson and M. Koschan and M. Loyd and Y. Wu and E. Lukosi and Melcher, {C. L.}",

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T1 - Crystal growth and characterization of high performance KSr2BrxI5−x:Eu scintillators

AU - Stand, L.

AU - Zhuravleva, M.

AU - Johnson, J.

AU - Koschan, M.

AU - Loyd, M.

AU - Wu, Y.

AU - Lukosi, E.

AU - Melcher, C. L.

PY - 2019/11/15

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AB - In this work we investigated the effects of replacing some of the matrix iodine atoms in KSr2I5:Eu with bromine, forming new solid solutions of KSr2BrxI(5−x):Eu (where 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 1). Transparent 15 and 22 mm diameter single crystals of KSr2BrxI(5−x):Eu were grown via the vertical Bridgman technique using a two-zone transparent furnace. The scintillation properties of the mixed compounds were investigated and compared to the non-mixed parent compound, KSr2I5:Eu. The addition of bromine blue-shifted the x-ray excited emission from 450 to 446 nm, increased the light yield by ~11% and decreased the scintillation decay time by suppressing its secondary component (≥3 µs), while maintaining energy resolutions comparable to the reference crystal. Thermoluminescence glow curves showed that the addition of bromine modified the shallow traps located between 25 and 55 K, suggesting that these traps are responsible for lengthening KSI's decay time. In large sizes (10.3 cm3), KSr2Br0.10I4.90:Eu 2% had light yields up to 79,000 ph/MeV and energy resolutions as low as 3.2% at 662 keV.

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