Creep behavior of an additively manufactured 9Cr steel in the as-built condition

Lizhen Tan; Weicheng Zhong; Ying Yang; Kevin G. Field; Niyanth Sridharan; Andrew T. Nelson

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2022.153943

Creep behavior of an additively manufactured 9Cr steel in the as-built condition

Lizhen Tan, Weicheng Zhong, Ying Yang, Kevin G. Field, Niyanth Sridharan, Andrew T. Nelson

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Limited studies have evaluated the creep behavior of additively manufactured (AM) ferritic-martensitic (FM) steels. This work investigated the creep behavior of a 9Cr FM steel fabricated by powder blown directed energy deposition (DED) technique. The creep testing at 550–650 °C and 150 MPa for the specimens along the deposition direction in the as-built condition, together with corresponding microstructural characterization, revealed a threshold temperature between 600 and 625 °C, below which the steel has creep resistance comparable with Grade 91 cross-welds and noticeably greater than 9Cr-1Mo steel. The threshold temperature distinguishes the creep behavior in two regimes differentiated in creep activation energy, creep deformation, and failure mechanism. Unlike the creep rupture surface ∼45° from the loading direction when tested above the threshold temperature, the creep rupture for testing below the threshold temperature resembles type IV failure in the cross-welds of ferritic steels. The DED-induced layer structure in the as-built steel played a significant role on the change of creep behavior.

Original language	English
Article number	153943
Journal	Journal of Nuclear Materials
Volume	570
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2022.153943
State	Published - Nov 2022

Funding

This research was supported by the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) Advanced Fuels Campaign under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle LLC. The microstructure characterization was completed at the Low Activation Materials Development and Analysis at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Talos F200X STEM tool was provided by the DOE NE Fuel Cycle R&D Program and the Nuclear Science User Facilities. Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ).

Keywords

Activation energy
Creep deformation
Direct energy deposition
Failure mechanism
Microstructure

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10.1016/j.jnucmat.2022.153943

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title = "Creep behavior of an additively manufactured 9Cr steel in the as-built condition",

abstract = "Limited studies have evaluated the creep behavior of additively manufactured (AM) ferritic-martensitic (FM) steels. This work investigated the creep behavior of a 9Cr FM steel fabricated by powder blown directed energy deposition (DED) technique. The creep testing at 550–650 °C and 150 MPa for the specimens along the deposition direction in the as-built condition, together with corresponding microstructural characterization, revealed a threshold temperature between 600 and 625 °C, below which the steel has creep resistance comparable with Grade 91 cross-welds and noticeably greater than 9Cr-1Mo steel. The threshold temperature distinguishes the creep behavior in two regimes differentiated in creep activation energy, creep deformation, and failure mechanism. Unlike the creep rupture surface ∼45° from the loading direction when tested above the threshold temperature, the creep rupture for testing below the threshold temperature resembles type IV failure in the cross-welds of ferritic steels. The DED-induced layer structure in the as-built steel played a significant role on the change of creep behavior.",

keywords = "Activation energy, Creep deformation, Direct energy deposition, Failure mechanism, Microstructure",

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AU - Tan, Lizhen

AU - Zhong, Weicheng

AU - Yang, Ying

AU - Field, Kevin G.

AU - Sridharan, Niyanth

AU - Nelson, Andrew T.

PY - 2022/11

Y1 - 2022/11

N2 - Limited studies have evaluated the creep behavior of additively manufactured (AM) ferritic-martensitic (FM) steels. This work investigated the creep behavior of a 9Cr FM steel fabricated by powder blown directed energy deposition (DED) technique. The creep testing at 550–650 °C and 150 MPa for the specimens along the deposition direction in the as-built condition, together with corresponding microstructural characterization, revealed a threshold temperature between 600 and 625 °C, below which the steel has creep resistance comparable with Grade 91 cross-welds and noticeably greater than 9Cr-1Mo steel. The threshold temperature distinguishes the creep behavior in two regimes differentiated in creep activation energy, creep deformation, and failure mechanism. Unlike the creep rupture surface ∼45° from the loading direction when tested above the threshold temperature, the creep rupture for testing below the threshold temperature resembles type IV failure in the cross-welds of ferritic steels. The DED-induced layer structure in the as-built steel played a significant role on the change of creep behavior.

AB - Limited studies have evaluated the creep behavior of additively manufactured (AM) ferritic-martensitic (FM) steels. This work investigated the creep behavior of a 9Cr FM steel fabricated by powder blown directed energy deposition (DED) technique. The creep testing at 550–650 °C and 150 MPa for the specimens along the deposition direction in the as-built condition, together with corresponding microstructural characterization, revealed a threshold temperature between 600 and 625 °C, below which the steel has creep resistance comparable with Grade 91 cross-welds and noticeably greater than 9Cr-1Mo steel. The threshold temperature distinguishes the creep behavior in two regimes differentiated in creep activation energy, creep deformation, and failure mechanism. Unlike the creep rupture surface ∼45° from the loading direction when tested above the threshold temperature, the creep rupture for testing below the threshold temperature resembles type IV failure in the cross-welds of ferritic steels. The DED-induced layer structure in the as-built steel played a significant role on the change of creep behavior.

KW - Activation energy

KW - Creep deformation

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Creep behavior of an additively manufactured 9Cr steel in the as-built condition

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