Corrosion of stainless steels in the riser during co-processing of bio-oils in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant

M. P. Brady; J. R. Keiser; D. N. Leonard; A. H. Zacher; K. J. Bryden; G. D. Weatherbee

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.01.041

Corrosion of stainless steels in the riser during co-processing of bio-oils in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant

M. P. Brady, J. R. Keiser, D. N. Leonard, A. H. Zacher, K. J. Bryden, G. D. Weatherbee

Corrosion Science & Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

25 Scopus citations

Abstract

Co-processing of bio-oils with conventional petroleum-based feedstocks is an attractive initial option to make use of renewable biomass as a fuel source while leveraging existing refinery infrastructures. However, bio-oils and their processing intermediates have high concentrations of organic oxygenates, which, among their other negative qualities, can result in increased corrosion issues. A range of stainless steel alloys (409, 410, 304L, 316L, 317L, and 201) was exposed at the base of the riser in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant while co-processing vacuum gas oil with pine-derived pyrolysis bio-oils that had been catalytically hydrodeoxygenated to ~ 2 to 28% oxygen. A catalyst temperature of 704 °C, a reaction exit temperature of 520 °C, and total co-processing run times of 57–75 h were studied. External oxide scaling 5–30 μm thick and internal attack 1–5 μm deep were observed in these short-duration exposures. The greatest extent of internal attack was observed for co-processing with the least stabilized bio-oil, and more so for types 409, 410, 304L, 316L, 317L stainless steel than for type 201. The internal attack involved porous Cr-rich oxide formation, associated with local Ni-metal enrichment and S-rich nanoparticles, primarily containing Cr or Mn. Implications for alloy selection and corrosion are discussed.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	187-199
Number of pages	13
Journal	Fuel Processing Technology
Volume	159
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.01.041
State	Published - 2017

Funding

The authors thank T.M. Lowe, A. Willoughby, and T. Jordan for assistance with the experimental work at ORNL, and the DCR operators at Grace, M. Bierly, K. Christopher, F. Demory, S. Johnson, S. Joyner, K. Kreipl and J. Thompson, for their diligence and persistence in co-processing the challenging bio-oil feeds. The authors also thank Tesoro for VGO samples, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland for bio-oil, and T. Bridgwater and D. Nowakowski for consultation on hydrotreating. S. Dryepondt, M Frith, B.A. Pint, and T.J. Theiss provided helpful comments for the manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the Bioenergy Technologies Office. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by the UT-Battelle, LLC, for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Bioenergy Technologies Office	DE-AC05-00OR22725
Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus VTT

Keywords

Bio-oil
Biomass
Co-processing
Corrosion
Fluid catalytic cracking
Stainless steel

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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title = "Corrosion of stainless steels in the riser during co-processing of bio-oils in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant",

abstract = "Co-processing of bio-oils with conventional petroleum-based feedstocks is an attractive initial option to make use of renewable biomass as a fuel source while leveraging existing refinery infrastructures. However, bio-oils and their processing intermediates have high concentrations of organic oxygenates, which, among their other negative qualities, can result in increased corrosion issues. A range of stainless steel alloys (409, 410, 304L, 316L, 317L, and 201) was exposed at the base of the riser in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant while co-processing vacuum gas oil with pine-derived pyrolysis bio-oils that had been catalytically hydrodeoxygenated to ~ 2 to 28% oxygen. A catalyst temperature of 704 °C, a reaction exit temperature of 520 °C, and total co-processing run times of 57–75 h were studied. External oxide scaling 5–30 μm thick and internal attack 1–5 μm deep were observed in these short-duration exposures. The greatest extent of internal attack was observed for co-processing with the least stabilized bio-oil, and more so for types 409, 410, 304L, 316L, 317L stainless steel than for type 201. The internal attack involved porous Cr-rich oxide formation, associated with local Ni-metal enrichment and S-rich nanoparticles, primarily containing Cr or Mn. Implications for alloy selection and corrosion are discussed.",

keywords = "Bio-oil, Biomass, Co-processing, Corrosion, Fluid catalytic cracking, Stainless steel",

author = "Brady, {M. P.} and Keiser, {J. R.} and Leonard, {D. N.} and Zacher, {A. H.} and Bryden, {K. J.} and Weatherbee, {G. D.}",

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AU - Brady, M. P.

AU - Keiser, J. R.

AU - Leonard, D. N.

AU - Zacher, A. H.

AU - Bryden, K. J.

AU - Weatherbee, G. D.

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AB - Co-processing of bio-oils with conventional petroleum-based feedstocks is an attractive initial option to make use of renewable biomass as a fuel source while leveraging existing refinery infrastructures. However, bio-oils and their processing intermediates have high concentrations of organic oxygenates, which, among their other negative qualities, can result in increased corrosion issues. A range of stainless steel alloys (409, 410, 304L, 316L, 317L, and 201) was exposed at the base of the riser in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant while co-processing vacuum gas oil with pine-derived pyrolysis bio-oils that had been catalytically hydrodeoxygenated to ~ 2 to 28% oxygen. A catalyst temperature of 704 °C, a reaction exit temperature of 520 °C, and total co-processing run times of 57–75 h were studied. External oxide scaling 5–30 μm thick and internal attack 1–5 μm deep were observed in these short-duration exposures. The greatest extent of internal attack was observed for co-processing with the least stabilized bio-oil, and more so for types 409, 410, 304L, 316L, 317L stainless steel than for type 201. The internal attack involved porous Cr-rich oxide formation, associated with local Ni-metal enrichment and S-rich nanoparticles, primarily containing Cr or Mn. Implications for alloy selection and corrosion are discussed.

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KW - Corrosion

KW - Fluid catalytic cracking

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Corrosion of stainless steels in the riser during co-processing of bio-oils in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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