Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP) was exposed to carbon steel surfaces from dry and water-saturated dodecane. The resulting changes to the surfaces were characterised using spectroscopic techniques (energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), and far-infrared reflection absorption (RAIRS) spectroscopies) and polarised neutron reflectometry (PNR). Although there was no observable affinity of BEHP to the steel surface in dry solvent, a layer of rough iron (III) phosphate formed in water-saturated dodecane. The phosphate-reacted steel surface showed some resistance to corrosion by seawater, suggesting the formation of a cohesive barrier against corrosive species. The results support the use of BEHP as an anti-corrosion additive and a viable phosphating agent for steel surfaces.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 126970 |
| Journal | Surface and Coatings Technology |
| Volume | 410 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 25 2021 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Funding
The authors thank the Royal Dutch Shell Company for the funding and technical support, in particular Dr. Lene Hviid and Dr. Damodaran Raghu. JP thanks The Croucher Foundation , Hong Kong, for his fellowship funding. The authors also thank Dr. Petr Motloch at the Department of Chemistry for his help in using the Karl Fischer titrator, Chris Amey at the Cavendish Laboratory for his help in XPS data collection. We thank a referee for the helpful comments to improve the quantitative analysis of the XPS spectra. We acknowledge the Diamond Light Source and Dr. Gianfelice Cinque for offline-time at the B22 instrument under proposal SM17044, Dr. Adrian Ionescu at the Cavendish Laboratory for his help in magnetron deposition of iron films for neutron experiments, and the beamtime committee at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source for the beamtime allocation at POLREF (Data DOI: https://doi.org/10.5286/ISIS.E.RB1820335 ). The authors thank the Royal Dutch Shell Company for the funding and technical support, in particular Dr. Lene Hviid and Dr. Damodaran Raghu. JP thanks The Croucher Foundation, Hong Kong, for his fellowship funding. The authors also thank Dr. Petr Motloch at the Department of Chemistry for his help in using the Karl Fischer titrator, Chris Amey at the Cavendish Laboratory for his help in XPS data collection. We thank a referee for the helpful comments to improve the quantitative analysis of the XPS spectra. We acknowledge the Diamond Light Source and Dr. Gianfelice Cinque for offline-time at the B22 instrument under proposal SM17044, Dr. Adrian Ionescu at the Cavendish Laboratory for his help in magnetron deposition of iron films for neutron experiments, and the beamtime committee at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source for the beamtime allocation at POLREF (Data DOI: https://doi.org/10.5286/ISIS.E.RB1820335). The raw and processed data required to reproduce these findings are available to download from http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ykmfygxsr8.1.
Keywords
- Corrosion
- Neutron reflectometry
- Phosphate
- Steel
- Surface analysis
- Water exposure