Abstract
This review examines the development and current state of Cu-rich Cu–Cr–Nb alloys commonly referred to as GRCop or Glenn Research copper alloys with emphasis on Cu–8Cr–4Nb (at%), or GRCop-84, and Cu–4Cr–2Nb, or GRCop-42. Recent additive manufacturing efforts have increased interest in GRCop alloys, and full-scale hardware has been fabricated using AM techniques and practical hot-fire tests have been conducted, but structure–property relationships are still under development. The development, processing, and current microstructure-property relationships of GRCop alloys are reviewed along with comparisons to similar high-heat-flux Cu alloys including NARloy-Z, GlidCop Al-15, AMZIRC, Cu–1Cr–0.1Zr, and Cu–0.9Cr. The review concludes with an assessment of future prospects for GRCop alloys and overview of advantages provided by additive manufacturing.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 394-425 |
| Number of pages | 32 |
| Journal | International Materials Reviews |
| Volume | 66 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2021 |
Funding
This work was supported by National Science Foundation: [Grant Number IIP1540000]; National Science Foundation: [Grant Number IIP1822186]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory: [Grant Number Graduate Opportunities (GO!)]. The authors would like to acknowledge the Manufacturing and Materials Joining Innovation Center (Ma2JIC), made possible through awards NSF IIP-1540000 (Phase I) and NSF IIP-1822186 (Phase II) from the National Science Foundation Industry University Cooperative Research Center program (IUCRC). RPM also acknowledges the financial support of the Center for Materials Processing at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Graduate Opportunities (GO!) Program. Special thanks to David Ellis of NASA GRC and Paul Gradl of NASA MSFC for their discussions and comments on this review and historical information. The authors would like to acknowledge the Manufacturing and Materials Joining Innovation Center (MaJIC), made possible through awards NSF IIP-1540000 (Phase I) and NSF IIP-1822186 (Phase II) from the National Science Foundation Industry University Cooperative Research Center program (IUCRC). RPM also acknowledges the financial support of the Center for Materials Processing at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Graduate Opportunities (GO!) Program. Special thanks to David Ellis of NASA GRC and Paul Gradl of NASA MSFC for their discussions and comments on this review and historical information. 2
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| MaJIC | |
| Manufacturing and Materials Joining Innovation Center | |
| NASA MSFC | |
| National Science Foundation Industry University | |
| National Science Foundation | 1822186, IIP-1822186, IIP-1540000 |
| Oak Ridge National Laboratory | |
| University of Tennessee |
Keywords
- High-heat-flux
- additive manufacturing
- combustion chamber liner
- creep
- dispersion strengthening
- low-cycle thermal fatigue
- powder metallurgy
- precipitation hardening
- thermal conductivity
