Abstract
Multi-material fabrication between steel and aluminum is challenging because of the formation of several intermetallic phases. Embrittling B2 ordered intermetallics form in the steel rich side and are stable till about 60% of Al dilution in steel. In this work by using multi-length scale characterization coupled with integrated computational process and thermokinetic modeling, we show that the ordered B2 intermetallics in the steel rich side of the Fe–Al system forms via a nucleation and growth mechanism. The extent of B2 ordered intermetallics can be controlled by modifying the directed energy deposition-additive manufacturing (DED-AM) process parameters. Our findings lay the foundation for enabling fabrication of crack-free functionally graded compositions between the two alloys.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1692-1703 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Volume | 33 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 1 2024 |
Funding
Notice of Copyright: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).This research is sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy. Research was performed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors acknowledge Cody Taylor, Sarah Graham, James Burns, and Andres Marquez Rossy for help with metallographic sample preparation, APT sample preparation, APT data acquisition, and EBSD data acquisition. Microscopy research was performed using instrumentation (FEI Talos F200X S/TEM) provided by the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Fuel Cycle R&D Program, and the Nuclear Science User Facilities. The authors thank Jefferey Baxter for assistance with TEM sample preparation. APT research was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This research is sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy . Research was performed at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory . This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors acknowledge Cody Taylor, Sarah Graham, James Burns, and Andres Marquez Rossy for help with metallographic sample preparation, APT sample preparation, APT data acquisition, and EBSD data acquisition. Microscopy research was performed using instrumentation (FEI Talos F200X S/TEM) provided by the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Fuel Cycle R&D Program, and the Nuclear Science User Facilities. The authors thank Jefferey Baxter for assistance with TEM sample preparation. APT research was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) , which is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory .
Keywords
- Additive manufacturing
- Aluminum
- Intermetallics
- Kinetics
- Ordering
- Steel