Construction of Fluorine- and Piperazine-Engineered Covalent Triazine Frameworks Towards Enhanced Dual-Ion Positive Electrode Performance

Organic positive electrodes featuring lightweight and tunable energy storage modes by molecular structure engineering have promising application prospects in dual-ion batteries. Herein, a series of highly porous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) were synthesized under ionothermal conditions using fluorinated aromatic nitrile monomers containing a piperazine ring. Fluorinated monomers can result in more defects in CTFs, leading to a higher surface area up to 2515 m² g⁻¹ and a higher N content of 11.34 wt % compared to the products from the non-fluorinated monomer. The high surface area and abundant redox sites of these CTFs afforded high specific capacities (up to 279 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹), excellent rate performance (89 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹), and durable cycling performance (92.3 % retention rate after 500 cycles at 2.0 A g⁻¹) as dual-ion positive electrodes.