Considering interplay between multiple physical phenomena to elucidate single crystal-like texture, phase transformations, and mechanical behavior of directed energy deposited SS316L

Saket Thapliyal; Patxi Fernandez-Zelaia; Yousub Lee; Andres M. Rossy; Luke Meyer; Andrzej Nycz; Yukinori Yamamoto; Michael M. Kirka

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2024.146307

Considering interplay between multiple physical phenomena to elucidate single crystal-like texture, phase transformations, and mechanical behavior of directed energy deposited SS316L

Saket Thapliyal, Patxi Fernandez-Zelaia, Yousub Lee, Andres M. Rossy, Luke Meyer, Andrzej Nycz, Yukinori Yamamoto, Michael M. Kirka

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

A widespread implementation of large scale additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as wire arc-directed energy deposition (WA-DED) AM can transform the current manufacturing supply chain networks. Naturally, such implementation requires control of the microstructural attributes, such as texture and phase evolution in the processed alloys. Currently, the texture evolution in fusion-based AM (F-BAM) processes is majorly rationalized by the phenomena occurring only during solidification. However, such rationalization is insufficient for understanding the evolution of primary and secondary crystallographic orientations, and consequently, fails to offer a comprehensive understanding and control of overall texture in F-BAM processed alloys. To this end, we report a single crystal (SX)-like texture in WA-DED processed SS316L for the first time. Furthermore, we assess the physical phenomena that may lead to such unique microstructural evolution during WA-DED AM. Subsequently, using microstructural characterization spanning the build height and thermomechanical simulations we investigate the effect of competitive growth and epitaxial growth occurring during solidification and thermally induced plastic deformation occurring post solidification on the overall texture of WA-DED processed SS316L. A spatial variation in solidification pathway is also established and correlated with variation in undercoolings across the build. Tensile tests revealed a strong orientation dependence of deformation mechanisms with over 110% elongation to failure of specimens deformed along <011>. Such anisotropy is rationalized using Schmid's analysis of dislocation slip and deformation twinning. Overall, the mechanisms outlined in this work will facilitate an enhanced understanding and subsequent control of texture evolution, solidification behavior and mechanical behavior of WA-DED processed steels.

Original language	English
Article number	146307
Journal	Materials Science and Engineering: A
Volume	897
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.146307
State	Published - Apr 2024

Funding

Notice of Copyright - this manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).Research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Advanced Manufacturing Office, and the Office of Fossil Energy, Crosscutting Research Program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle LLC and performed in partiality at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, an Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy user facility. Much of the microscopy presented in this work was performed with the support of Carl Zeiss via a cooperative research and development agreement (NFE-19-07705). Authors thank Professor Sudarsanam S. Babu for meaningful discussions. Authors also extend thanks to Derek Vaughan, Quinn Campbell, Sarah Graham, and Ryan Duncan for assistance with additive manufacturing experiments, CT data visualization, metallography, and machining, respectively. Notice of Copyright - this manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). Research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy , Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) , Advanced Manufacturing Office , and the Office of Fossil Energy , Crosscutting Research Program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle LLC and performed in partiality at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, an Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy user facility. Much of the microscopy presented in this work was performed with the support of Carl Zeiss via a cooperative research and development agreement (NFE-19-07705). Authors thank Professor Sudarsanam S. Babu for meaningful discussions. Authors also extend thanks to Derek Vaughan, Quinn Campbell, Sarah Graham, and Ryan Duncan for assistance with additive manufacturing experiments, CT data visualization, metallography, and machining, respectively.

Funders	Funder number
Carl Zeiss	NFE-19-07705
DOE Public Access Plan
United States Government
U.S. Department of Energy
Advanced Manufacturing Office
Office of Fossil Energy	DE-AC05-00OR22725
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
UT-Battelle

Keywords

Alloy solidification
Crystallographic texture
Deformation twinning
Large scale additive manufacturing
Phase transformations
Steels

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.msea.2024.146307

Cite this

Thapliyal, S., Fernandez-Zelaia, P., Lee, Y., Rossy, A. M., Meyer, L., Nycz, A., Yamamoto, Y., & Kirka, M. M. (2024). Considering interplay between multiple physical phenomena to elucidate single crystal-like texture, phase transformations, and mechanical behavior of directed energy deposited SS316L. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 897, Article 146307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.146307

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title = "Considering interplay between multiple physical phenomena to elucidate single crystal-like texture, phase transformations, and mechanical behavior of directed energy deposited SS316L",

abstract = "A widespread implementation of large scale additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as wire arc-directed energy deposition (WA-DED) AM can transform the current manufacturing supply chain networks. Naturally, such implementation requires control of the microstructural attributes, such as texture and phase evolution in the processed alloys. Currently, the texture evolution in fusion-based AM (F-BAM) processes is majorly rationalized by the phenomena occurring only during solidification. However, such rationalization is insufficient for understanding the evolution of primary and secondary crystallographic orientations, and consequently, fails to offer a comprehensive understanding and control of overall texture in F-BAM processed alloys. To this end, we report a single crystal (SX)-like texture in WA-DED processed SS316L for the first time. Furthermore, we assess the physical phenomena that may lead to such unique microstructural evolution during WA-DED AM. Subsequently, using microstructural characterization spanning the build height and thermomechanical simulations we investigate the effect of competitive growth and epitaxial growth occurring during solidification and thermally induced plastic deformation occurring post solidification on the overall texture of WA-DED processed SS316L. A spatial variation in solidification pathway is also established and correlated with variation in undercoolings across the build. Tensile tests revealed a strong orientation dependence of deformation mechanisms with over 110% elongation to failure of specimens deformed along <011>. Such anisotropy is rationalized using Schmid's analysis of dislocation slip and deformation twinning. Overall, the mechanisms outlined in this work will facilitate an enhanced understanding and subsequent control of texture evolution, solidification behavior and mechanical behavior of WA-DED processed steels.",

keywords = "Alloy solidification, Crystallographic texture, Deformation twinning, Large scale additive manufacturing, Phase transformations, Steels",

author = "Saket Thapliyal and Patxi Fernandez-Zelaia and Yousub Lee and Rossy, {Andres M.} and Luke Meyer and Andrzej Nycz and Yukinori Yamamoto and Kirka, {Michael M.}",

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year = "2024",

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doi = "10.1016/j.msea.2024.146307",

language = "English",

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Thapliyal, S, Fernandez-Zelaia, P, Lee, Y, Rossy, AM, Meyer, L, Nycz, A , Yamamoto, Y & Kirka, MM 2024, 'Considering interplay between multiple physical phenomena to elucidate single crystal-like texture, phase transformations, and mechanical behavior of directed energy deposited SS316L', Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 897, 146307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.146307

Considering interplay between multiple physical phenomena to elucidate single crystal-like texture, phase transformations, and mechanical behavior of directed energy deposited SS316L. / Thapliyal, Saket; Fernandez-Zelaia, Patxi; Lee, Yousub et al.
In: Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 897, 146307, 04.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Considering interplay between multiple physical phenomena to elucidate single crystal-like texture, phase transformations, and mechanical behavior of directed energy deposited SS316L

AU - Thapliyal, Saket

AU - Fernandez-Zelaia, Patxi

AU - Lee, Yousub

AU - Rossy, Andres M.

AU - Meyer, Luke

AU - Nycz, Andrzej

AU - Yamamoto, Yukinori

AU - Kirka, Michael M.

PY - 2024/4

Y1 - 2024/4

N2 - A widespread implementation of large scale additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as wire arc-directed energy deposition (WA-DED) AM can transform the current manufacturing supply chain networks. Naturally, such implementation requires control of the microstructural attributes, such as texture and phase evolution in the processed alloys. Currently, the texture evolution in fusion-based AM (F-BAM) processes is majorly rationalized by the phenomena occurring only during solidification. However, such rationalization is insufficient for understanding the evolution of primary and secondary crystallographic orientations, and consequently, fails to offer a comprehensive understanding and control of overall texture in F-BAM processed alloys. To this end, we report a single crystal (SX)-like texture in WA-DED processed SS316L for the first time. Furthermore, we assess the physical phenomena that may lead to such unique microstructural evolution during WA-DED AM. Subsequently, using microstructural characterization spanning the build height and thermomechanical simulations we investigate the effect of competitive growth and epitaxial growth occurring during solidification and thermally induced plastic deformation occurring post solidification on the overall texture of WA-DED processed SS316L. A spatial variation in solidification pathway is also established and correlated with variation in undercoolings across the build. Tensile tests revealed a strong orientation dependence of deformation mechanisms with over 110% elongation to failure of specimens deformed along <011>. Such anisotropy is rationalized using Schmid's analysis of dislocation slip and deformation twinning. Overall, the mechanisms outlined in this work will facilitate an enhanced understanding and subsequent control of texture evolution, solidification behavior and mechanical behavior of WA-DED processed steels.

AB - A widespread implementation of large scale additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as wire arc-directed energy deposition (WA-DED) AM can transform the current manufacturing supply chain networks. Naturally, such implementation requires control of the microstructural attributes, such as texture and phase evolution in the processed alloys. Currently, the texture evolution in fusion-based AM (F-BAM) processes is majorly rationalized by the phenomena occurring only during solidification. However, such rationalization is insufficient for understanding the evolution of primary and secondary crystallographic orientations, and consequently, fails to offer a comprehensive understanding and control of overall texture in F-BAM processed alloys. To this end, we report a single crystal (SX)-like texture in WA-DED processed SS316L for the first time. Furthermore, we assess the physical phenomena that may lead to such unique microstructural evolution during WA-DED AM. Subsequently, using microstructural characterization spanning the build height and thermomechanical simulations we investigate the effect of competitive growth and epitaxial growth occurring during solidification and thermally induced plastic deformation occurring post solidification on the overall texture of WA-DED processed SS316L. A spatial variation in solidification pathway is also established and correlated with variation in undercoolings across the build. Tensile tests revealed a strong orientation dependence of deformation mechanisms with over 110% elongation to failure of specimens deformed along <011>. Such anisotropy is rationalized using Schmid's analysis of dislocation slip and deformation twinning. Overall, the mechanisms outlined in this work will facilitate an enhanced understanding and subsequent control of texture evolution, solidification behavior and mechanical behavior of WA-DED processed steels.

KW - Alloy solidification

KW - Crystallographic texture

KW - Deformation twinning

KW - Large scale additive manufacturing

KW - Phase transformations

KW - Steels

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DO - 10.1016/j.msea.2024.146307

M3 - Article

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SN - 0921-5093

VL - 897

JO - Materials Science and Engineering: A

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M1 - 146307

ER -

Considering interplay between multiple physical phenomena to elucidate single crystal-like texture, phase transformations, and mechanical behavior of directed energy deposited SS316L

Abstract

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Keywords

UN SDGs

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