TY - BOOK
T1 - Connected Loads – Grid Connected Appliances: Commercial Refrigeration System Fault Detection and Diagnostics
AU - Li, Yanfei
AU - Sun, Jian
AU - Kuruganti, Teja
AU - Im, Piljae
AU - Fricke, Brian
AU - Munk, Jeffrey
AU - Bae, Yeonjin
AU - Bhandari, Mahabir
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - As one of the most energy-intensive end-uses in the commercial buildings sector, supermarkets consume around 50 kWh/ft2 (or 537.6 kWh/m2) of electricity annually, or more than 2 million kWh of electricity per year for a typical store. The biggest consumer of energy in a supermarket is its refrigeration system, which accounts for 40–60% of its total electricity usage and is equivalent to about 2–3% of the total energy consumed by commercial buildings in United States, or around 0.5 quadrillion Btu (or 0.53 quadrillion KJ). Also, the supermarket refrigeration system is one of the biggest consumers of refrigerants. Current supermarket refrigeration systems rely on high global warming potential hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants. Reducing refrigerant usage or using environment friendly alternatives can result in significant climate benefits. Transcritical CO2 refrigeration systems have attracted more attention in recent years because of their zero-carbon emission advantages compared with traditional refrigerants. These systems are widely used in commercial buildings such as supermarkets. The refrigeration system can also be adapted to handle flexible building loads and be integrated into grid response transactive control to balance the supply and demand of the electric grid. Even minor improvements in the efficiency and operational reliability of supermarket refrigeration systems can create significant value in terms of saving energy, improving food quality, protecting the environment, reducing carbon footprint, and enhancing electric grid resilience.
AB - As one of the most energy-intensive end-uses in the commercial buildings sector, supermarkets consume around 50 kWh/ft2 (or 537.6 kWh/m2) of electricity annually, or more than 2 million kWh of electricity per year for a typical store. The biggest consumer of energy in a supermarket is its refrigeration system, which accounts for 40–60% of its total electricity usage and is equivalent to about 2–3% of the total energy consumed by commercial buildings in United States, or around 0.5 quadrillion Btu (or 0.53 quadrillion KJ). Also, the supermarket refrigeration system is one of the biggest consumers of refrigerants. Current supermarket refrigeration systems rely on high global warming potential hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants. Reducing refrigerant usage or using environment friendly alternatives can result in significant climate benefits. Transcritical CO2 refrigeration systems have attracted more attention in recent years because of their zero-carbon emission advantages compared with traditional refrigerants. These systems are widely used in commercial buildings such as supermarkets. The refrigeration system can also be adapted to handle flexible building loads and be integrated into grid response transactive control to balance the supply and demand of the electric grid. Even minor improvements in the efficiency and operational reliability of supermarket refrigeration systems can create significant value in terms of saving energy, improving food quality, protecting the environment, reducing carbon footprint, and enhancing electric grid resilience.
KW - 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
U2 - 10.2172/1905423
DO - 10.2172/1905423
M3 - Commissioned report
BT - Connected Loads – Grid Connected Appliances: Commercial Refrigeration System Fault Detection and Diagnostics
CY - United States
ER -