Abstract
Structured electrodes (SEs) improve the rate capability of Lithium-ion batteries by engineering micrometer-scale electrolyte regions into the electrode, promoting rapid ionic transport. Prior research has focused on structuring one electrode (anode or cathode) with an analysis on either the charge or discharge performance. We present a holistic study using three-dimensional models to investigate the isolated effects of structuring either electrode and the combined effects of structuring both electrodes on the charge and discharge capacity of single-layer cells at 4 C and 6 C. Volumetric and gravimetric discharge energy density (Wh/Lstack and Wh/kgstack) and charge capacity (Ah/kgstack and Ah/Lstack) are evaluated for multi-layer pouch cell stacks. Pairing SE anodes with SE cathodes demonstrated improvements up to 15% in discharge Wh/kgstack and up to 33% in charge Ah/kgstack over a conventional cell; Energy required to charge per Ah/kgstack was improved by 13%–14%. SE cathodes paired with a conventional anode exhibited improvements of 0.3%–22% across all performance metrics evaluated. Conversely, pairing a SE anode with a conventional cathode demonstrated improved charge capacity up to 13% but showed a 2%–23% lower discharge energy density. The importance of aligning SEs in a cell from a performance and manufacturing perspective is also analyzed.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 090521 |
| Journal | Journal of the Electrochemical Society |
| Volume | 172 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 1 2025 |
Funding
This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office, Award Number DEEE0010226. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. This work was carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC05–00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doepublic-access-plan). The authors are thankful for the support and resources from Compute and Data Environment for Science (CADES) used for conducting the simulations at ORNL. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office, Award Number DE-EE0010226. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. This work was carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC05–00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). The authors are thankful for the support and resources from Compute and Data Environment for Science (CADES) used for conducting the simulations at ORNL.