Comparison of short-term oxidation behavior of model and commercial chromia-forming ferritic stainless steels in dry and wet air

M. P. Brady; J. R. Keiser; K. L. More; M. Fayek; L. R. Walker; R. A. Peascoe-Meisner; L. M. Anovitz; D. J. Wesolowski; D. R. Cole

doi:10.1007/s11085-012-9289-3

Comparison of short-term oxidation behavior of model and commercial chromia-forming ferritic stainless steels in dry and wet air

M. P. Brady, J. R. Keiser, K. L. More, M. Fayek, L. R. Walker, R. A. Peascoe-Meisner, L. M. Anovitz, D. J. Wesolowski, D. R. Cole

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Abstract

A high-purity Fe-20Cr and commercial type 430 ferritic stainless steel were exposed at 700 and 800 °C in dry air and air with 10% water vapor (wet air) and characterized by SEM, XRD, STEM, SIMS, and EPMA. The Fe-20Cr alloy formed a fast growing Fe-rich oxide scale at 700 °C in wet air after 24 h exposure, but formed a thin chromia scale at 700 °C in dry air and at 800 °C in both dry air and wet air. In contrast, thin spinel + chromia base scales with a discontinuous silica subscale were formed on 430 stainless steel under all conditions studied. Extensive void formation was observed at the alloy-oxide interface for the Fe-20Cr in both dry and wet conditions, but not for the 430 stainless steel. The Fe-20Cr alloy was found to exhibit a greater relative extent of subsurface Cr depletion than the 430 stainless steel, despite the former's higher Cr content. Depletion of Cr in the Fe-20Cr after 24 h exposure was also greater at 700 °C than 800 °C. The relative differences in oxidation behavior are discussed in terms of the coarse alloy grain size of the high-purity Fe-20Cr material, and the effects of Mn, Si, and C on the oxide scale formed on the 430 stainless steel.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-16
Number of pages	16
Journal	Oxidation of Metals
Volume	78
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-012-9289-3
State	Published - Aug 2012

Funding

Acknowledgments The authors thank B.A. Pint, S. Dryepondt, and K A. Unocic for helpful comments on this manuscript. This work was funded by the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) discovery grant, Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) and the Canada Research Chair (CRC) programs. Additional collaboration with the SHaRE User facility at ORNL is also acknowledged. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.

Keywords

Chromia
Hydrogen
Oxidation
Stainless steel
Water vapor

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10.1007/s11085-012-9289-3

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title = "Comparison of short-term oxidation behavior of model and commercial chromia-forming ferritic stainless steels in dry and wet air",

abstract = "A high-purity Fe-20Cr and commercial type 430 ferritic stainless steel were exposed at 700 and 800 °C in dry air and air with 10% water vapor (wet air) and characterized by SEM, XRD, STEM, SIMS, and EPMA. The Fe-20Cr alloy formed a fast growing Fe-rich oxide scale at 700 °C in wet air after 24 h exposure, but formed a thin chromia scale at 700 °C in dry air and at 800 °C in both dry air and wet air. In contrast, thin spinel + chromia base scales with a discontinuous silica subscale were formed on 430 stainless steel under all conditions studied. Extensive void formation was observed at the alloy-oxide interface for the Fe-20Cr in both dry and wet conditions, but not for the 430 stainless steel. The Fe-20Cr alloy was found to exhibit a greater relative extent of subsurface Cr depletion than the 430 stainless steel, despite the former's higher Cr content. Depletion of Cr in the Fe-20Cr after 24 h exposure was also greater at 700 °C than 800 °C. The relative differences in oxidation behavior are discussed in terms of the coarse alloy grain size of the high-purity Fe-20Cr material, and the effects of Mn, Si, and C on the oxide scale formed on the 430 stainless steel.",

keywords = "Chromia, Hydrogen, Oxidation, Stainless steel, Water vapor",

author = "Brady, {M. P.} and Keiser, {J. R.} and More, {K. L.} and M. Fayek and Walker, {L. R.} and Peascoe-Meisner, {R. A.} and Anovitz, {L. M.} and Wesolowski, {D. J.} and Cole, {D. R.}",

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AU - Brady, M. P.

AU - Keiser, J. R.

AU - More, K. L.

AU - Fayek, M.

AU - Walker, L. R.

AU - Peascoe-Meisner, R. A.

AU - Anovitz, L. M.

AU - Wesolowski, D. J.

AU - Cole, D. R.

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N2 - A high-purity Fe-20Cr and commercial type 430 ferritic stainless steel were exposed at 700 and 800 °C in dry air and air with 10% water vapor (wet air) and characterized by SEM, XRD, STEM, SIMS, and EPMA. The Fe-20Cr alloy formed a fast growing Fe-rich oxide scale at 700 °C in wet air after 24 h exposure, but formed a thin chromia scale at 700 °C in dry air and at 800 °C in both dry air and wet air. In contrast, thin spinel + chromia base scales with a discontinuous silica subscale were formed on 430 stainless steel under all conditions studied. Extensive void formation was observed at the alloy-oxide interface for the Fe-20Cr in both dry and wet conditions, but not for the 430 stainless steel. The Fe-20Cr alloy was found to exhibit a greater relative extent of subsurface Cr depletion than the 430 stainless steel, despite the former's higher Cr content. Depletion of Cr in the Fe-20Cr after 24 h exposure was also greater at 700 °C than 800 °C. The relative differences in oxidation behavior are discussed in terms of the coarse alloy grain size of the high-purity Fe-20Cr material, and the effects of Mn, Si, and C on the oxide scale formed on the 430 stainless steel.

AB - A high-purity Fe-20Cr and commercial type 430 ferritic stainless steel were exposed at 700 and 800 °C in dry air and air with 10% water vapor (wet air) and characterized by SEM, XRD, STEM, SIMS, and EPMA. The Fe-20Cr alloy formed a fast growing Fe-rich oxide scale at 700 °C in wet air after 24 h exposure, but formed a thin chromia scale at 700 °C in dry air and at 800 °C in both dry air and wet air. In contrast, thin spinel + chromia base scales with a discontinuous silica subscale were formed on 430 stainless steel under all conditions studied. Extensive void formation was observed at the alloy-oxide interface for the Fe-20Cr in both dry and wet conditions, but not for the 430 stainless steel. The Fe-20Cr alloy was found to exhibit a greater relative extent of subsurface Cr depletion than the 430 stainless steel, despite the former's higher Cr content. Depletion of Cr in the Fe-20Cr after 24 h exposure was also greater at 700 °C than 800 °C. The relative differences in oxidation behavior are discussed in terms of the coarse alloy grain size of the high-purity Fe-20Cr material, and the effects of Mn, Si, and C on the oxide scale formed on the 430 stainless steel.

KW - Chromia

KW - Hydrogen

KW - Oxidation

KW - Stainless steel

KW - Water vapor

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Comparison of short-term oxidation behavior of model and commercial chromia-forming ferritic stainless steels in dry and wet air

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