Collection of airborne particles by a high-gradient permanent magnetic method

Meng Dawn Cheng; Steve L. Allman; Gerard M. Ludtka; Larry R. Avens

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.07.002

Collection of airborne particles by a high-gradient permanent magnetic method

Meng Dawn Cheng
, Steve L. Allman
, Gerard M. Ludtka
, Larry R. Avens

Environmental Risk and Energy Analysis

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report on the use of magnetic force in collection of airborne particles by a high-gradient permanent magnetic separation (HGPMS) device. Three aerosol particles of different magnetic susceptibility (NaCl, CuO, and Fe₃O₄) were generated in the electrical mobility size range of 10-200nm and were used to study HGPMS collection. One HGPMS matrix element, made of stainless steel wool, was used in the device configuration. Three flow rates were selected to simulate the environmental wind speeds of interest to the study. Magnetic force was found to exhibit an insignificant effect on the separation of NaCl particles, even in the HGPMS configuration. Diffusion was a major mechanism in the removal of the diamagnetic particles; however, diffusion is insignificant under the influence of a high-gradient magnetic field for paramagnetic or ferromagnetic particles. The HGPMS showed high-performance collection (>99%) of paramagnetic CuO and ferromagnetic Fe₃O₄ particles for particle sizes greater than or equal to 60nm. As the wind speed increases, the influence of the magnetic force weakens, and the capability to remove particles from the gas stream diminishes. The results suggest that the HGPMS principle could be explored for development of an advanced miniaturized passive aerosol collector.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-9
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Aerosol Science
Volume	77
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.07.002
State	Published - Nov 2014

Funding

Note: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Bart Murphy manufactured the test magnets used in this project and performed the magnetic field strength measurement using a Hall probe. Shannon Mahurin performed the imaging on CuO particles using the Hitachi HD-2000 STEM available at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors greatly appreciated the generous gift of Fe 3 O 4 particles from J.W. Moon and T.J. Phelps, both in the BioSciences Division at ORNL. This work would not be possible without the funding from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory , managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 . The authors also acknowledge useful discussion with Conniesue Oldham and Dennis Mikel of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Keywords

Aerosol
Collection
High-gradient magnetic
Permanent magnet
Separation
Ultrafine particles

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10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.07.002

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title = "Collection of airborne particles by a high-gradient permanent magnetic method",

abstract = "We report on the use of magnetic force in collection of airborne particles by a high-gradient permanent magnetic separation (HGPMS) device. Three aerosol particles of different magnetic susceptibility (NaCl, CuO, and Fe3O4) were generated in the electrical mobility size range of 10-200nm and were used to study HGPMS collection. One HGPMS matrix element, made of stainless steel wool, was used in the device configuration. Three flow rates were selected to simulate the environmental wind speeds of interest to the study. Magnetic force was found to exhibit an insignificant effect on the separation of NaCl particles, even in the HGPMS configuration. Diffusion was a major mechanism in the removal of the diamagnetic particles; however, diffusion is insignificant under the influence of a high-gradient magnetic field for paramagnetic or ferromagnetic particles. The HGPMS showed high-performance collection (>99\%) of paramagnetic CuO and ferromagnetic Fe3O4 particles for particle sizes greater than or equal to 60nm. As the wind speed increases, the influence of the magnetic force weakens, and the capability to remove particles from the gas stream diminishes. The results suggest that the HGPMS principle could be explored for development of an advanced miniaturized passive aerosol collector.",

keywords = "Aerosol, Collection, High-gradient magnetic, Permanent magnet, Separation, Ultrafine particles",

author = "Cheng, \{Meng Dawn\} and Allman, \{Steve L.\} and Ludtka, \{Gerard M.\} and Avens, \{Larry R.\}",

year = "2014",

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doi = "10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.07.002",

language = "English",

volume = "77",

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AU - Cheng, Meng Dawn

AU - Allman, Steve L.

AU - Ludtka, Gerard M.

AU - Avens, Larry R.

PY - 2014/11

Y1 - 2014/11

N2 - We report on the use of magnetic force in collection of airborne particles by a high-gradient permanent magnetic separation (HGPMS) device. Three aerosol particles of different magnetic susceptibility (NaCl, CuO, and Fe3O4) were generated in the electrical mobility size range of 10-200nm and were used to study HGPMS collection. One HGPMS matrix element, made of stainless steel wool, was used in the device configuration. Three flow rates were selected to simulate the environmental wind speeds of interest to the study. Magnetic force was found to exhibit an insignificant effect on the separation of NaCl particles, even in the HGPMS configuration. Diffusion was a major mechanism in the removal of the diamagnetic particles; however, diffusion is insignificant under the influence of a high-gradient magnetic field for paramagnetic or ferromagnetic particles. The HGPMS showed high-performance collection (>99%) of paramagnetic CuO and ferromagnetic Fe3O4 particles for particle sizes greater than or equal to 60nm. As the wind speed increases, the influence of the magnetic force weakens, and the capability to remove particles from the gas stream diminishes. The results suggest that the HGPMS principle could be explored for development of an advanced miniaturized passive aerosol collector.

AB - We report on the use of magnetic force in collection of airborne particles by a high-gradient permanent magnetic separation (HGPMS) device. Three aerosol particles of different magnetic susceptibility (NaCl, CuO, and Fe3O4) were generated in the electrical mobility size range of 10-200nm and were used to study HGPMS collection. One HGPMS matrix element, made of stainless steel wool, was used in the device configuration. Three flow rates were selected to simulate the environmental wind speeds of interest to the study. Magnetic force was found to exhibit an insignificant effect on the separation of NaCl particles, even in the HGPMS configuration. Diffusion was a major mechanism in the removal of the diamagnetic particles; however, diffusion is insignificant under the influence of a high-gradient magnetic field for paramagnetic or ferromagnetic particles. The HGPMS showed high-performance collection (>99%) of paramagnetic CuO and ferromagnetic Fe3O4 particles for particle sizes greater than or equal to 60nm. As the wind speed increases, the influence of the magnetic force weakens, and the capability to remove particles from the gas stream diminishes. The results suggest that the HGPMS principle could be explored for development of an advanced miniaturized passive aerosol collector.

KW - Aerosol

KW - Collection

KW - High-gradient magnetic

KW - Permanent magnet

KW - Separation

KW - Ultrafine particles

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DO - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.07.002

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84904886938

SN - 0021-8502

VL - 77

SP - 1

EP - 9

JO - Journal of Aerosol Science

JF - Journal of Aerosol Science

ER -

Collection of airborne particles by a high-gradient permanent magnetic method

Abstract

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Keywords

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