TY - JOUR
T1 - Coal polymer composites prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing
AU - Zhang, Shuyang
AU - Rehman, Muhammad Zia ur
AU - Bhagia, Samarthya
AU - Meng, Xianzhi
AU - Meyer, Harry M.
AU - Wang, Hsin
AU - Koehler, Michael R.
AU - Akhtar, Kalsoom
AU - Harper, David P.
AU - Ragauskas, Arthur J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Coal is a vital energy resource worldwide, but pollutants and greenhouse gases from its combustion cause environmental problems. To explore the non-combustion approach to use and valorize coal, anthracite and lignite were blended with polyamide 12 (PA 12) through FDM printing in this work and compared in the composites. By adding lignite, Young’s modulus improved with increasing loading to 50 wt% while tensile strength leveled off among the composites, compared to that of PA 12. By contrast, the addition of anthracite decreased the tensile performance at all loadings. Rheology tests and morphology analyses suggested that the interactions between fillers (anthracite and lignite) and PA 12 may cause differences in tensile properties. In addition, the printed lignite composites showed improved thermal conductivity (~ twofold), indicating lignite demonstrates the potential to build functional composites. This work provides a strategy to use lignite in composites by 3D printing for value-added products and reduces the demand for petroleum-based polymers. Our approach diverts lignite from combustion processes and alleviates the negative impact of lignite use on the environment. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AB - Coal is a vital energy resource worldwide, but pollutants and greenhouse gases from its combustion cause environmental problems. To explore the non-combustion approach to use and valorize coal, anthracite and lignite were blended with polyamide 12 (PA 12) through FDM printing in this work and compared in the composites. By adding lignite, Young’s modulus improved with increasing loading to 50 wt% while tensile strength leveled off among the composites, compared to that of PA 12. By contrast, the addition of anthracite decreased the tensile performance at all loadings. Rheology tests and morphology analyses suggested that the interactions between fillers (anthracite and lignite) and PA 12 may cause differences in tensile properties. In addition, the printed lignite composites showed improved thermal conductivity (~ twofold), indicating lignite demonstrates the potential to build functional composites. This work provides a strategy to use lignite in composites by 3D printing for value-added products and reduces the demand for petroleum-based polymers. Our approach diverts lignite from combustion processes and alleviates the negative impact of lignite use on the environment. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130266245&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10853-022-07276-8
DO - 10.1007/s10853-022-07276-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85130266245
SN - 0022-2461
VL - 57
SP - 10141
EP - 10152
JO - Journal of Materials Science
JF - Journal of Materials Science
IS - 22
ER -