Charge-state dependence of energy loss in random solids

We measured the energy loss of 10-, 16-, and 25-MeV oxygen ions in a thin [Formula Presented] carbon foil as a function of input charge state [Formula Presented] At this thickness, charge-state equilibrium is nearly attained, but the energy losses accumulated over the ion’s trajectory are a function of its initial charge state. Using a set of pertinent microscopic atomic collision cross sections computed using the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method, we link these parameters to the observed charge-state dependence on energy loss through a classical transport simulation. This simulation also leads to a prediction of charge-state equilibrium fractions.