TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization of sulfonated Diels-Alder poly(phenylene) membranes for electrolyte separators in vanadium redox flow batteries
AU - Tang, Zhijiang
AU - Lawton, Jamie S.
AU - Sun, Che Nan
AU - Chen, Jihua
AU - Bright, Michael I.
AU - Jones, Amanda M.
AU - Papandrew, Alex B.
AU - Fujimoto, Cy H.
AU - Zawodzinski, Thomas A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 The Electrochemical Society.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Sulfonated Diels-Alder poly(phenylene) (SDAPP) membranes were synthesized and characterized as potential electrolyte separators for vanadium redox flow batteries. The SDAPP membranes studied had ion exchange capacities of 1.4, 1.8 and 2.3 meq/g. Transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that the ionic domains in SDAPP are roughly 0.5 nm in dimension, while Nafion has a hydrophilic phase width of around 5 nm. The sulfuric acid uptake by SDAPP was higher than that for Nafion, but the materials had similar water uptake from solutions of various sulfuric acid concentrations. In equilibration with sulfuric acid concentrations ranging from 0-17.4 mol · kg-1, SDAPP with a IEC of 2.3 meq/g had the highest conductivity, ranging from 0.21 to 0.05 S · cm-1, while SDAPP with a IEC of 1.8 had conductivity close to Nafion 117, ranging from 0.11 to 0.02 S · cm-1. With varying sulfuric acid concentration and temperature, vanadium permeability in SDAPP is positively correlated to the membrane's IEC. The vanadium permeability of SDAPP 2.3 is similar to that of Nafion, but permeability values for SDAPP 1.8 and SDAPP 1.4 are substantially lower. The vanadium permeation decreases with increasing electrolyte sulfuric acid concentration. Vanadium diffusion activation energy is about 20 kJ · mol-1 in both SDAPP and Nafion.
AB - Sulfonated Diels-Alder poly(phenylene) (SDAPP) membranes were synthesized and characterized as potential electrolyte separators for vanadium redox flow batteries. The SDAPP membranes studied had ion exchange capacities of 1.4, 1.8 and 2.3 meq/g. Transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that the ionic domains in SDAPP are roughly 0.5 nm in dimension, while Nafion has a hydrophilic phase width of around 5 nm. The sulfuric acid uptake by SDAPP was higher than that for Nafion, but the materials had similar water uptake from solutions of various sulfuric acid concentrations. In equilibration with sulfuric acid concentrations ranging from 0-17.4 mol · kg-1, SDAPP with a IEC of 2.3 meq/g had the highest conductivity, ranging from 0.21 to 0.05 S · cm-1, while SDAPP with a IEC of 1.8 had conductivity close to Nafion 117, ranging from 0.11 to 0.02 S · cm-1. With varying sulfuric acid concentration and temperature, vanadium permeability in SDAPP is positively correlated to the membrane's IEC. The vanadium permeability of SDAPP 2.3 is similar to that of Nafion, but permeability values for SDAPP 1.8 and SDAPP 1.4 are substantially lower. The vanadium permeation decreases with increasing electrolyte sulfuric acid concentration. Vanadium diffusion activation energy is about 20 kJ · mol-1 in both SDAPP and Nafion.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84923597210&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1149/2.0631412jes
DO - 10.1149/2.0631412jes
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84923597210
SN - 0013-4651
VL - 161
SP - A1860-A1868
JO - Journal of the Electrochemical Society
JF - Journal of the Electrochemical Society
IS - 12
ER -