Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO

M. Jewell; A. Schubert; W. R. Cen; J. Dalmasson; R. Devoe; L. Fabris; G. Gratta; A. Jamil; G. Li; A. Odian; M. Patel; A. Pocar; D. Qiu; Q. Wang; L. J. Wen; J. B. Albert; G. Anton; I. J. Arnquist; I. Badhrees; P. Barbeau; D. Beck; V. Belov; F. Bourque; J. P. Brodsky; E. Brown; T. Brunner; A. Burenkov; G. F. Cao; L. Cao; C. Chambers; S. A. Charlebois; M. Chiu; B. Cleveland; M. Coon; A. Craycraft; W. Cree; M. Côté; T. Daniels; S. J. Daugherty; J. Daughhetee; S. Delaquis; A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian; T. Didberidze; J. Dilling; Y. Y. Ding; M. J. Dolinski; A. Dragone; W. Fairbank; J. Farine; S. Feyzbakhsh; R. Fontaine; D. Fudenberg; G. Giacomini; R. Gornea; E. V. Hansen; D. Harris; M. Hasan; M. Heffner; E. W. Hoppe; A. House; P. Hufschmidt; M. Hughes; J. Hößl; Y. Ito; A. Iverson; X. S. Jiang; S. Johnston; A. Karelin; L. J. Kaufman; T. Koffas; S. Kravitz; R. Krücken; A. Kuchenkov; K. S. Kumar; Y. Lan; D. S. Leonard; S. Li; Z. Li; C. Licciardi; Y. H. Lin; R. Maclellan; T. Michel; B. Mong; D. Moore; K. Murray; R. J. Newby; Z. Ning; O. Njoya; F. Nolet; K. Odgers; M. Oriunno; J. L. Orrell; I. Ostrovskiy; C. T. Overman; G. S. Ortega; S. Parent; A. Piepke; J. F. Pratte; V. Radeka; E. Raguzin; T. Rao; S. Rescia; F. Retiere; A. Robinson; T. Rossignol; P. C. Rowson; N. Roy; R. Saldanha; S. Sangiorgio; S. Schmidt; J. Schneider; D. Sinclair; K. Skarpaas; A. K. Soma; G. St-Hilaire; V. Stekhanov; T. Stiegler; X. L. Sun; M. Tarka; J. Todd; T. Tolba; R. Tsang; T. Tsang; F. Vachon; V. Veeraraghavan; G. Visser; J. L. Vuilleumier; M. Wagenpfeil; M. Weber; W. Wei; U. Wichoski; G. Wrede; S. X. Wu; W. H. Wu; L. Yang; Y. R. Yen; O. Zeldovich; X. Zhang; J. Zhao; Y. Zhou; T. Ziegler

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/P01006

Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO

M. Jewell, A. Schubert, W. R. Cen, J. Dalmasson, R. Devoe, L. Fabris, G. Gratta, A. Jamil, G. Li, A. Odian, M. Patel, A. Pocar, D. Qiu, Q. Wang, L. J. Wen, J. B. Albert, G. Anton, I. J. Arnquist, I. Badhrees, P. BarbeauD. Beck, V. Belov, F. Bourque, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, A. Burenkov, G. F. Cao, L. Cao, C. Chambers, S. A. Charlebois, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, M. Coon, A. Craycraft, W. Cree, M. Côté, T. Daniels, S. J. Daugherty, J. Daughhetee, S. Delaquis, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, T. Didberidze, J. Dilling, Y. Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Feyzbakhsh, R. Fontaine, D. Fudenberg, G. Giacomini, R. Gornea, E. V. Hansen, D. Harris, M. Hasan, M. Heffner, E. W. Hoppe, A. House, P. Hufschmidt, M. Hughes, J. Hößl, Y. Ito, A. Iverson, X. S. Jiang, S. Johnston, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, T. Koffas, S. Kravitz, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, Y. Lan, D. S. Leonard, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y. H. Lin, R. Maclellan, T. Michel, B. Mong, D. Moore, K. Murray, R. J. Newby, Z. Ning, O. Njoya, F. Nolet, K. Odgers, M. Oriunno, J. L. Orrell, I. Ostrovskiy, C. T. Overman, G. S. Ortega, S. Parent, A. Piepke, J. F. Pratte, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, T. Rao, S. Rescia, F. Retiere, A. Robinson, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, S. Schmidt, J. Schneider, D. Sinclair, K. Skarpaas, A. K. Soma, G. St-Hilaire, V. Stekhanov, T. Stiegler, X. L. Sun, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, R. Tsang, T. Tsang, F. Vachon, V. Veeraraghavan, G. Visser, J. L. Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, M. Weber, W. Wei, U. Wichoski, G. Wrede, S. X. Wu, W. H. Wu, L. Yang, Y. R. Yen, O. Zeldovich, X. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Zhou, T. Ziegler

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

A new design for the anode of a time projection chamber, consisting of a charge-detecting "tile, is investigated for use in large scale liquid xenon detectors. The tile is produced by depositing 60 orthogonal metal charge-collecting strips, 3 mm wide, on a 10 cm × 10 cm fused-silica wafer. These charge tiles may be employed by large detectors, such as the proposed tonne-scale nEXO experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Modular by design, an array of tiles can cover a sizable area. The width of each strip is small compared to the size of the tile, so a Frisch grid is not required. A grid-less, tiled anode design is beneficial for an experiment such as nEXO, where a wire tensioning support structure and Frisch grid might contribute radioactive backgrounds and would have to be designed to accommodate cycling to cryogenic temperatures. The segmented anode also reduces some degeneracies in signal reconstruction that arise in large-area crossed-wire time projection chambers. A prototype tile was tested in a cell containing liquid xenon. Very good agreement is achieved between the measured ionization spectrum of a ²⁰⁷Bi source and simulations that include the microphysics of recombination in xenon and a detailed modeling of the electrostatic field of the detector. An energy resolution σ/E=5.5% is observed at 570 keV, comparable to the best intrinsic ionization-only resolution reported in literature for liquid xenon at 936 V/cm.

Original language	English
Article number	P01006
Journal	Journal of Instrumentation
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/P01006
State	Published - Jan 2018

Funding

This work has been supported by the Offices of Nuclear and High Energy Physics within DOE’s Office of Science, and NSF in the United States, by NERSC, CFI, FRQNT, NRC in Canada, by SNF in Switzerland, by IBS in Korea, by RFBR in Russia, and by CAS and ISTCP in China. This work was supported in part by Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) programs at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).

Funders	Funder number
National Science Foundation
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Laboratory Directed Research and Development
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
National Research Council Canada
Canada Foundation for Innovation
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies
Institute for Basic Science
International Science and Technology Cooperation Programme

Keywords

Charge induction
Charge transport and multiplication in liquid media
Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc)
Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc)

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10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/P01006

Cite this

Jewell, M., Schubert, A., Cen, W. R., Dalmasson, J., Devoe, R., Fabris, L., Gratta, G., Jamil, A., Li, G., Odian, A., Patel, M., Pocar, A., Qiu, D., Wang, Q., Wen, L. J., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., ... Ziegler, T. (2018). Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO. Journal of Instrumentation, 13(1), Article P01006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/P01006

@article{3c87d31b29aa4620ab9f087fb8b675fb,

title = "Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO",

abstract = "A new design for the anode of a time projection chamber, consisting of a charge-detecting {"}tile, is investigated for use in large scale liquid xenon detectors. The tile is produced by depositing 60 orthogonal metal charge-collecting strips, 3 mm wide, on a 10 cm × 10 cm fused-silica wafer. These charge tiles may be employed by large detectors, such as the proposed tonne-scale nEXO experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Modular by design, an array of tiles can cover a sizable area. The width of each strip is small compared to the size of the tile, so a Frisch grid is not required. A grid-less, tiled anode design is beneficial for an experiment such as nEXO, where a wire tensioning support structure and Frisch grid might contribute radioactive backgrounds and would have to be designed to accommodate cycling to cryogenic temperatures. The segmented anode also reduces some degeneracies in signal reconstruction that arise in large-area crossed-wire time projection chambers. A prototype tile was tested in a cell containing liquid xenon. Very good agreement is achieved between the measured ionization spectrum of a 207Bi source and simulations that include the microphysics of recombination in xenon and a detailed modeling of the electrostatic field of the detector. An energy resolution σ/E=5.5% is observed at 570 keV, comparable to the best intrinsic ionization-only resolution reported in literature for liquid xenon at 936 V/cm.",

keywords = "Charge induction, Charge transport and multiplication in liquid media, Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc), Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc)",

author = "M. Jewell and A. Schubert and Cen, {W. R.} and J. Dalmasson and R. Devoe and L. Fabris and G. Gratta and A. Jamil and G. Li and A. Odian and M. Patel and A. Pocar and D. Qiu and Q. Wang and Wen, {L. J.} and Albert, {J. B.} and G. Anton and Arnquist, {I. J.} and I. Badhrees and P. Barbeau and D. Beck and V. Belov and F. Bourque and Brodsky, {J. P.} and E. Brown and T. Brunner and A. Burenkov and Cao, {G. F.} and L. Cao and C. Chambers and Charlebois, {S. A.} and M. Chiu and B. Cleveland and M. Coon and A. Craycraft and W. Cree and M. C{\^o}t{\'e} and T. Daniels and Daugherty, {S. J.} and J. Daughhetee and S. Delaquis and Mesrobian-Kabakian, {A. Der} and T. Didberidze and J. Dilling and Ding, {Y. Y.} and Dolinski, {M. J.} and A. Dragone and W. Fairbank and J. Farine and S. Feyzbakhsh and R. Fontaine and D. Fudenberg and G. Giacomini and R. Gornea and Hansen, {E. V.} and D. Harris and M. Hasan and M. Heffner and Hoppe, {E. W.} and A. House and P. Hufschmidt and M. Hughes and J. H{\"o}{\ss}l and Y. Ito and A. Iverson and Jiang, {X. S.} and S. Johnston and A. Karelin and Kaufman, {L. J.} and T. Koffas and S. Kravitz and R. Kr{\"u}cken and A. Kuchenkov and Kumar, {K. S.} and Y. Lan and Leonard, {D. S.} and S. Li and Z. Li and C. Licciardi and Lin, {Y. H.} and R. Maclellan and T. Michel and B. Mong and D. Moore and K. Murray and Newby, {R. J.} and Z. Ning and O. Njoya and F. Nolet and K. Odgers and M. Oriunno and Orrell, {J. L.} and I. Ostrovskiy and Overman, {C. T.} and Ortega, {G. S.} and S. Parent and A. Piepke and Pratte, {J. F.} and V. Radeka and E. Raguzin and T. Rao and S. Rescia and F. Retiere and A. Robinson and T. Rossignol and Rowson, {P. C.} and N. Roy and R. Saldanha and S. Sangiorgio and S. Schmidt and J. Schneider and D. Sinclair and K. Skarpaas and Soma, {A. K.} and G. St-Hilaire and V. Stekhanov and T. Stiegler and Sun, {X. L.} and M. Tarka and J. Todd and T. Tolba and R. Tsang and T. Tsang and F. Vachon and V. Veeraraghavan and G. Visser and Vuilleumier, {J. L.} and M. Wagenpfeil and M. Weber and W. Wei and U. Wichoski and G. Wrede and Wu, {S. X.} and Wu, {W. H.} and L. Yang and Yen, {Y. R.} and O. Zeldovich and X. Zhang and J. Zhao and Y. Zhou and T. Ziegler",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab.",

year = "2018",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/P01006",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Journal of Instrumentation",

issn = "1748-0221",

publisher = "IOP Publishing",

number = "1",

}

Jewell, M, Schubert, A, Cen, WR, Dalmasson, J, Devoe, R, Fabris, L, Gratta, G, Jamil, A, Li, G, Odian, A, Patel, M, Pocar, A, Qiu, D, Wang, Q, Wen, LJ, Albert, JB, Anton, G, Arnquist, IJ, Badhrees, I, Barbeau, P, Beck, D, Belov, V, Bourque, F, Brodsky, JP, Brown, E, Brunner, T, Burenkov, A, Cao, GF, Cao, L, Chambers, C, Charlebois, SA, Chiu, M, Cleveland, B, Coon, M, Craycraft, A, Cree, W, Côté, M, Daniels, T, Daugherty, SJ, Daughhetee, J, Delaquis, S, Mesrobian-Kabakian, AD, Didberidze, T, Dilling, J, Ding, YY, Dolinski, MJ, Dragone, A, Fairbank, W, Farine, J, Feyzbakhsh, S, Fontaine, R, Fudenberg, D, Giacomini, G, Gornea, R, Hansen, EV, Harris, D, Hasan, M, Heffner, M, Hoppe, EW, House, A, Hufschmidt, P, Hughes, M, Hößl, J, Ito, Y, Iverson, A, Jiang, XS, Johnston, S, Karelin, A, Kaufman, LJ, Koffas, T, Kravitz, S, Krücken, R, Kuchenkov, A, Kumar, KS, Lan, Y, Leonard, DS, Li, S, Li, Z, Licciardi, C, Lin, YH, Maclellan, R, Michel, T, Mong, B, Moore, D, Murray, K, Newby, RJ, Ning, Z, Njoya, O, Nolet, F, Odgers, K, Oriunno, M, Orrell, JL, Ostrovskiy, I, Overman, CT, Ortega, GS, Parent, S, Piepke, A, Pratte, JF, Radeka, V, Raguzin, E, Rao, T, Rescia, S, Retiere, F, Robinson, A, Rossignol, T, Rowson, PC, Roy, N, Saldanha, R, Sangiorgio, S, Schmidt, S, Schneider, J, Sinclair, D, Skarpaas, K, Soma, AK, St-Hilaire, G, Stekhanov, V, Stiegler, T, Sun, XL, Tarka, M, Todd, J, Tolba, T, Tsang, R, Tsang, T, Vachon, F, Veeraraghavan, V, Visser, G, Vuilleumier, JL, Wagenpfeil, M, Weber, M, Wei, W, Wichoski, U, Wrede, G, Wu, SX, Wu, WH, Yang, L, Yen, YR, Zeldovich, O, Zhang, X, Zhao, J, Zhou, Y & Ziegler, T 2018, 'Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO', Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 13, no. 1, P01006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/P01006

TY - JOUR

T1 - Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO

AU - Jewell, M.

AU - Schubert, A.

AU - Cen, W. R.

AU - Dalmasson, J.

AU - Devoe, R.

AU - Fabris, L.

AU - Gratta, G.

AU - Jamil, A.

AU - Li, G.

AU - Odian, A.

AU - Patel, M.

AU - Pocar, A.

AU - Qiu, D.

AU - Wang, Q.

AU - Wen, L. J.

AU - Albert, J. B.

AU - Anton, G.

AU - Arnquist, I. J.

AU - Badhrees, I.

AU - Barbeau, P.

AU - Beck, D.

AU - Belov, V.

AU - Bourque, F.

AU - Brodsky, J. P.

AU - Brown, E.

AU - Brunner, T.

AU - Burenkov, A.

AU - Cao, G. F.

AU - Cao, L.

AU - Chambers, C.

AU - Charlebois, S. A.

AU - Chiu, M.

AU - Cleveland, B.

AU - Coon, M.

AU - Craycraft, A.

AU - Cree, W.

AU - Côté, M.

AU - Daniels, T.

AU - Daugherty, S. J.

AU - Daughhetee, J.

AU - Delaquis, S.

AU - Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der

AU - Didberidze, T.

AU - Dilling, J.

AU - Ding, Y. Y.

AU - Dolinski, M. J.

AU - Dragone, A.

AU - Fairbank, W.

AU - Farine, J.

AU - Feyzbakhsh, S.

AU - Fontaine, R.

AU - Fudenberg, D.

AU - Giacomini, G.

AU - Gornea, R.

AU - Hansen, E. V.

AU - Harris, D.

AU - Hasan, M.

AU - Heffner, M.

AU - Hoppe, E. W.

AU - House, A.

AU - Hufschmidt, P.

AU - Hughes, M.

AU - Hößl, J.

AU - Ito, Y.

AU - Iverson, A.

AU - Jiang, X. S.

AU - Johnston, S.

AU - Karelin, A.

AU - Kaufman, L. J.

AU - Koffas, T.

AU - Kravitz, S.

AU - Krücken, R.

AU - Kuchenkov, A.

AU - Kumar, K. S.

AU - Lan, Y.

AU - Leonard, D. S.

AU - Li, S.

AU - Li, Z.

AU - Licciardi, C.

AU - Lin, Y. H.

AU - Maclellan, R.

AU - Michel, T.

AU - Mong, B.

AU - Moore, D.

AU - Murray, K.

AU - Newby, R. J.

AU - Ning, Z.

AU - Njoya, O.

AU - Nolet, F.

AU - Odgers, K.

AU - Oriunno, M.

AU - Orrell, J. L.

AU - Ostrovskiy, I.

AU - Overman, C. T.

AU - Ortega, G. S.

AU - Parent, S.

AU - Piepke, A.

AU - Pratte, J. F.

AU - Radeka, V.

AU - Raguzin, E.

AU - Rao, T.

AU - Rescia, S.

AU - Retiere, F.

AU - Robinson, A.

AU - Rossignol, T.

AU - Rowson, P. C.

AU - Roy, N.

AU - Saldanha, R.

AU - Sangiorgio, S.

AU - Schmidt, S.

AU - Schneider, J.

AU - Sinclair, D.

AU - Skarpaas, K.

AU - Soma, A. K.

AU - St-Hilaire, G.

AU - Stekhanov, V.

AU - Stiegler, T.

AU - Sun, X. L.

AU - Tarka, M.

AU - Todd, J.

AU - Tolba, T.

AU - Tsang, R.

AU - Tsang, T.

AU - Vachon, F.

AU - Veeraraghavan, V.

AU - Visser, G.

AU - Vuilleumier, J. L.

AU - Wagenpfeil, M.

AU - Weber, M.

AU - Wei, W.

AU - Wichoski, U.

AU - Wrede, G.

AU - Wu, S. X.

AU - Wu, W. H.

AU - Yang, L.

AU - Yen, Y. R.

AU - Zeldovich, O.

AU - Zhang, X.

AU - Zhao, J.

AU - Zhou, Y.

AU - Ziegler, T.

PY - 2018/1

Y1 - 2018/1

N2 - A new design for the anode of a time projection chamber, consisting of a charge-detecting "tile, is investigated for use in large scale liquid xenon detectors. The tile is produced by depositing 60 orthogonal metal charge-collecting strips, 3 mm wide, on a 10 cm × 10 cm fused-silica wafer. These charge tiles may be employed by large detectors, such as the proposed tonne-scale nEXO experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Modular by design, an array of tiles can cover a sizable area. The width of each strip is small compared to the size of the tile, so a Frisch grid is not required. A grid-less, tiled anode design is beneficial for an experiment such as nEXO, where a wire tensioning support structure and Frisch grid might contribute radioactive backgrounds and would have to be designed to accommodate cycling to cryogenic temperatures. The segmented anode also reduces some degeneracies in signal reconstruction that arise in large-area crossed-wire time projection chambers. A prototype tile was tested in a cell containing liquid xenon. Very good agreement is achieved between the measured ionization spectrum of a 207Bi source and simulations that include the microphysics of recombination in xenon and a detailed modeling of the electrostatic field of the detector. An energy resolution σ/E=5.5% is observed at 570 keV, comparable to the best intrinsic ionization-only resolution reported in literature for liquid xenon at 936 V/cm.

AB - A new design for the anode of a time projection chamber, consisting of a charge-detecting "tile, is investigated for use in large scale liquid xenon detectors. The tile is produced by depositing 60 orthogonal metal charge-collecting strips, 3 mm wide, on a 10 cm × 10 cm fused-silica wafer. These charge tiles may be employed by large detectors, such as the proposed tonne-scale nEXO experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Modular by design, an array of tiles can cover a sizable area. The width of each strip is small compared to the size of the tile, so a Frisch grid is not required. A grid-less, tiled anode design is beneficial for an experiment such as nEXO, where a wire tensioning support structure and Frisch grid might contribute radioactive backgrounds and would have to be designed to accommodate cycling to cryogenic temperatures. The segmented anode also reduces some degeneracies in signal reconstruction that arise in large-area crossed-wire time projection chambers. A prototype tile was tested in a cell containing liquid xenon. Very good agreement is achieved between the measured ionization spectrum of a 207Bi source and simulations that include the microphysics of recombination in xenon and a detailed modeling of the electrostatic field of the detector. An energy resolution σ/E=5.5% is observed at 570 keV, comparable to the best intrinsic ionization-only resolution reported in literature for liquid xenon at 936 V/cm.

KW - Charge induction

KW - Charge transport and multiplication in liquid media

KW - Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc)

KW - Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc)

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85041378522&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/P01006

DO - 10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/P01006

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85041378522

SN - 1748-0221

VL - 13

JO - Journal of Instrumentation

JF - Journal of Instrumentation

IS - 1

M1 - P01006

ER -

Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO

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