Characterization of a large sex determination region in Salix purpurea L. (Salicaceae)

Ran Zhou; David Macaya-Sanz; Eli Rodgers-Melnick; Craig H. Carlson; Fred E. Gouker; Luke M. Evans; Jeremy Schmutz; Jerry W. Jenkins; Juying Yan; Gerald A. Tuskan; Lawrence B. Smart; Stephen P. DiFazio

doi:10.1007/s00438-018-1473-y

Characterization of a large sex determination region in Salix purpurea L. (Salicaceae)

Ran Zhou, David Macaya-Sanz, Eli Rodgers-Melnick, Craig H. Carlson, Fred E. Gouker, Luke M. Evans, Jeremy Schmutz, Jerry W. Jenkins, Juying Yan, Gerald A. Tuskan, Lawrence B. Smart, Stephen P. DiFazio

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Abstract

Dioecy has evolved numerous times in plants, but heteromorphic sex chromosomes are apparently rare. Sex determination has been studied in multiple Salix and Populus (Salicaceae) species, and P. trichocarpa has an XY sex determination system on chromosome 19, while S. suchowensis and S. viminalis have a ZW system on chromosome 15. Here we use whole genome sequencing coupled with quantitative trait locus mapping and a genome-wide association study to characterize the genomic composition of the non-recombining portion of the sex determination region. We demonstrate that Salix purpurea also has a ZW system on chromosome 15. The sex determination region has reduced recombination, high structural polymorphism, an abundance of transposable elements, and contains genes that are involved in sex expression in other plants. We also show that chromosome 19 contains sex-associated markers in this S. purpurea assembly, along with other autosomes. This raises the intriguing possibility of a translocation of the sex determination region within the Salicaceae lineage, suggesting a common evolutionary origin of the Populus and Salix sex determination loci.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1437-1452
Number of pages	16
Journal	Molecular Genetics and Genomics
Volume	293
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-018-1473-y
State	Published - Dec 1 2018

Funding

Funding This work was supported by grants from the USDA-NIFA CAP program (4705-WVU-USDA-9703), the DOE JGI Community Sequencing Program, and the NSF Dimensions of Biodiversity Program (DEB-1542509). Sequencing was conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute
USDA-NIFA	4705-WVU-USDA-9703
National Science Foundation	DEB-1542509
U.S. Department of Energy	DE-AC02-05CH11231
Office of Science

Keywords

Dioecy
Genome
Salix
Sex
Suppressed recombination

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10.1007/s00438-018-1473-y

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title = "Characterization of a large sex determination region in Salix purpurea L. (Salicaceae)",

abstract = "Dioecy has evolved numerous times in plants, but heteromorphic sex chromosomes are apparently rare. Sex determination has been studied in multiple Salix and Populus (Salicaceae) species, and P. trichocarpa has an XY sex determination system on chromosome 19, while S. suchowensis and S. viminalis have a ZW system on chromosome 15. Here we use whole genome sequencing coupled with quantitative trait locus mapping and a genome-wide association study to characterize the genomic composition of the non-recombining portion of the sex determination region. We demonstrate that Salix purpurea also has a ZW system on chromosome 15. The sex determination region has reduced recombination, high structural polymorphism, an abundance of transposable elements, and contains genes that are involved in sex expression in other plants. We also show that chromosome 19 contains sex-associated markers in this S. purpurea assembly, along with other autosomes. This raises the intriguing possibility of a translocation of the sex determination region within the Salicaceae lineage, suggesting a common evolutionary origin of the Populus and Salix sex determination loci.",

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AU - Macaya-Sanz, David

AU - Rodgers-Melnick, Eli

AU - Carlson, Craig H.

AU - Gouker, Fred E.

AU - Evans, Luke M.

AU - Schmutz, Jeremy

AU - Jenkins, Jerry W.

AU - Yan, Juying

AU - Tuskan, Gerald A.

AU - Smart, Lawrence B.

AU - DiFazio, Stephen P.

PY - 2018/12/1

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N2 - Dioecy has evolved numerous times in plants, but heteromorphic sex chromosomes are apparently rare. Sex determination has been studied in multiple Salix and Populus (Salicaceae) species, and P. trichocarpa has an XY sex determination system on chromosome 19, while S. suchowensis and S. viminalis have a ZW system on chromosome 15. Here we use whole genome sequencing coupled with quantitative trait locus mapping and a genome-wide association study to characterize the genomic composition of the non-recombining portion of the sex determination region. We demonstrate that Salix purpurea also has a ZW system on chromosome 15. The sex determination region has reduced recombination, high structural polymorphism, an abundance of transposable elements, and contains genes that are involved in sex expression in other plants. We also show that chromosome 19 contains sex-associated markers in this S. purpurea assembly, along with other autosomes. This raises the intriguing possibility of a translocation of the sex determination region within the Salicaceae lineage, suggesting a common evolutionary origin of the Populus and Salix sex determination loci.

AB - Dioecy has evolved numerous times in plants, but heteromorphic sex chromosomes are apparently rare. Sex determination has been studied in multiple Salix and Populus (Salicaceae) species, and P. trichocarpa has an XY sex determination system on chromosome 19, while S. suchowensis and S. viminalis have a ZW system on chromosome 15. Here we use whole genome sequencing coupled with quantitative trait locus mapping and a genome-wide association study to characterize the genomic composition of the non-recombining portion of the sex determination region. We demonstrate that Salix purpurea also has a ZW system on chromosome 15. The sex determination region has reduced recombination, high structural polymorphism, an abundance of transposable elements, and contains genes that are involved in sex expression in other plants. We also show that chromosome 19 contains sex-associated markers in this S. purpurea assembly, along with other autosomes. This raises the intriguing possibility of a translocation of the sex determination region within the Salicaceae lineage, suggesting a common evolutionary origin of the Populus and Salix sex determination loci.

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Characterization of a large sex determination region in Salix purpurea L. (Salicaceae)

Abstract

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Keywords

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