Characterization and Rationalization of Microstructural Evolution in GRCop-84 Processed by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

Robert P. Minneci; Michael P. Haines; Paul R. Gradl; David L. Ellis; Eric A. Lass; Jeffrey R. Bunn; Hahn Choo; Zachary C. Jones; Sudarsanam S. Babu; Claudia J. Rawn

doi:10.1007/s11661-024-07315-w

Characterization and Rationalization of Microstructural Evolution in GRCop-84 Processed by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

Robert P. Minneci, Michael P. Haines, Paul R. Gradl, David L. Ellis, Eric A. Lass, Jeffrey R. Bunn, Hahn Choo, Zachary C. Jones, Sudarsanam S. Babu, Claudia J. Rawn

Materials Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Prismatic geometries of GRCop-84 [Cu-8Cr-4Nb (at. pct)] were built with laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. The samples were sectioned parallel or perpendicular to the build direction and characterized in the as-built and after post-processing with a hot-isostatically pressing (HIP) treatment. The microstructure and phase evolutions were evaluated with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) up to 1223 K. The samples in the as-built conditions exhibited predominantly columnar epitaxial and misoriented Cu-FCC grains. The microstructure evolutions are discussed based on locations within the overall build geometry, the dynamics of small melt pool shape and sectioning effects. The above grain structure did not change significantly during post-process HIP treatment. The stability of this FCC grain structure is attributed to the formation of primary stable Cr₂Nb (Laves phase) during L-PBF, even before the emergence of FCC grains from liquid. The stability of Cr₂Nb in both as-built and HIPed samples were evaluated using high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements and compared with that of gas-atomized powder. The significance of these results is discussed with reference to aerospace applications.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1377-1396
Number of pages	20
Journal	Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science
Volume	55
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07315-w
State	Published - May 2024

Funding

The authors would like to acknowledge the Manufacturing and Materials Joining Innovation Center (Ma2JIC), made possible through awards NSF IIP-1540000 (Phase I) and NSF IIP-1822186 (Phase II) from the National Science Foundation Industry University Cooperative Research Center program (IUCRC). RPM also acknowledges the financial support of Oak Ridge National Laboratory\u2019s Graduate Opportunities (GO!) Program. A portion of this research used resources at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) or the United States Government. M. Haines and S. S. Babu\u2019s contribution to this research is partially supported by the US Department of the Navy Office of Naval Research under ONR award number N00014-18-1-2794. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Naval Research. On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest. The authors would like to acknowledge the Manufacturing and Materials Joining Innovation Center (MaJIC), made possible through awards NSF IIP-1540000 (Phase I) and NSF IIP-1822186 (Phase II) from the National Science Foundation Industry University Cooperative Research Center program (IUCRC). RPM also acknowledges the financial support of Oak Ridge National Laboratory\u2019s Graduate Opportunities (GO!) Program. A portion of this research used resources at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) or the United States Government. M. Haines and S. S. Babu\u2019s contribution to this research is partially supported by the US Department of the Navy Office of Naval Research under ONR award number N00014-18-1-2794. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Naval Research.

Funders	Funder number
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Manufacturing and Materials Joining Innovation Center
Office of Science
MaJIC
National Science Foundation Industry University
National Science Foundation	IIP-1822186, IIP-1540000
Office of Naval Research	N00014-18-1-2794

Access to Document

10.1007/s11661-024-07315-w

Cite this

Minneci, R. P., Haines, M. P., Gradl, P. R., Ellis, D. L., Lass, E. A., Bunn, J. R., Choo, H., Jones, Z. C., Babu, S. S., & Rawn, C. J. (2024). Characterization and Rationalization of Microstructural Evolution in GRCop-84 Processed by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 55(5), 1377-1396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07315-w

@article{1bfc0ba0468a4c95915774b6ec64781d,

title = "Characterization and Rationalization of Microstructural Evolution in GRCop-84 Processed by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)",

abstract = "Prismatic geometries of GRCop-84 [Cu-8Cr-4Nb (at. pct)] were built with laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. The samples were sectioned parallel or perpendicular to the build direction and characterized in the as-built and after post-processing with a hot-isostatically pressing (HIP) treatment. The microstructure and phase evolutions were evaluated with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) up to 1223 K. The samples in the as-built conditions exhibited predominantly columnar epitaxial and misoriented Cu-FCC grains. The microstructure evolutions are discussed based on locations within the overall build geometry, the dynamics of small melt pool shape and sectioning effects. The above grain structure did not change significantly during post-process HIP treatment. The stability of this FCC grain structure is attributed to the formation of primary stable Cr2Nb (Laves phase) during L-PBF, even before the emergence of FCC grains from liquid. The stability of Cr2Nb in both as-built and HIPed samples were evaluated using high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements and compared with that of gas-atomized powder. The significance of these results is discussed with reference to aerospace applications.",

author = "Minneci, {Robert P.} and Haines, {Michael P.} and Gradl, {Paul R.} and Ellis, {David L.} and Lass, {Eric A.} and Bunn, {Jeffrey R.} and Hahn Choo and Jones, {Zachary C.} and Babu, {Sudarsanam S.} and Rawn, {Claudia J.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2024.",

year = "2024",

month = may,

doi = "10.1007/s11661-024-07315-w",

language = "English",

volume = "55",

pages = "1377--1396",

journal = "Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science",

issn = "1073-5623",

publisher = "Springer",

number = "5",

}

Minneci, RP, Haines, MP, Gradl, PR, Ellis, DL, Lass, EA, Bunn, JR, Choo, H, Jones, ZC, Babu, SS & Rawn, CJ 2024, 'Characterization and Rationalization of Microstructural Evolution in GRCop-84 Processed by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)', Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1377-1396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07315-w

Characterization and Rationalization of Microstructural Evolution in GRCop-84 Processed by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). / Minneci, Robert P.; Haines, Michael P.; Gradl, Paul R. et al.
In: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, Vol. 55, No. 5, 05.2024, p. 1377-1396.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Characterization and Rationalization of Microstructural Evolution in GRCop-84 Processed by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

AU - Minneci, Robert P.

AU - Haines, Michael P.

AU - Gradl, Paul R.

AU - Ellis, David L.

AU - Lass, Eric A.

AU - Bunn, Jeffrey R.

AU - Choo, Hahn

AU - Jones, Zachary C.

AU - Babu, Sudarsanam S.

AU - Rawn, Claudia J.

PY - 2024/5

Y1 - 2024/5

N2 - Prismatic geometries of GRCop-84 [Cu-8Cr-4Nb (at. pct)] were built with laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. The samples were sectioned parallel or perpendicular to the build direction and characterized in the as-built and after post-processing with a hot-isostatically pressing (HIP) treatment. The microstructure and phase evolutions were evaluated with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) up to 1223 K. The samples in the as-built conditions exhibited predominantly columnar epitaxial and misoriented Cu-FCC grains. The microstructure evolutions are discussed based on locations within the overall build geometry, the dynamics of small melt pool shape and sectioning effects. The above grain structure did not change significantly during post-process HIP treatment. The stability of this FCC grain structure is attributed to the formation of primary stable Cr2Nb (Laves phase) during L-PBF, even before the emergence of FCC grains from liquid. The stability of Cr2Nb in both as-built and HIPed samples were evaluated using high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements and compared with that of gas-atomized powder. The significance of these results is discussed with reference to aerospace applications.

AB - Prismatic geometries of GRCop-84 [Cu-8Cr-4Nb (at. pct)] were built with laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. The samples were sectioned parallel or perpendicular to the build direction and characterized in the as-built and after post-processing with a hot-isostatically pressing (HIP) treatment. The microstructure and phase evolutions were evaluated with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) up to 1223 K. The samples in the as-built conditions exhibited predominantly columnar epitaxial and misoriented Cu-FCC grains. The microstructure evolutions are discussed based on locations within the overall build geometry, the dynamics of small melt pool shape and sectioning effects. The above grain structure did not change significantly during post-process HIP treatment. The stability of this FCC grain structure is attributed to the formation of primary stable Cr2Nb (Laves phase) during L-PBF, even before the emergence of FCC grains from liquid. The stability of Cr2Nb in both as-built and HIPed samples were evaluated using high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements and compared with that of gas-atomized powder. The significance of these results is discussed with reference to aerospace applications.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85186232432&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11661-024-07315-w

DO - 10.1007/s11661-024-07315-w

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85186232432

SN - 1073-5623

VL - 55

SP - 1377

EP - 1396

JO - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science

JF - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science

IS - 5

ER -

Characterization and Rationalization of Microstructural Evolution in GRCop-84 Processed by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

Abstract

Funding

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this