TY - JOUR
T1 - Catalytic cracking of inedible camelina oils to hydrocarbon fuels over bifunctional Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts
AU - Zhao, Xianhui
AU - Wei, Lin
AU - Julson, James
AU - Gu, Zhengrong
AU - Cao, Yuhe
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers, Seoul, Korea.
PY - 2015/8/1
Y1 - 2015/8/1
N2 - Catalytic cracking of camelina oils to hydrocarbon fuels over ZSM-5 and ZSM-5 impregnated with Zn2+ (named bifunctional catalyst) was individually carried out at 500 °C using a tubular fixed-bed reactor. Fresh and used catalysts were characterized by ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen isothermal adsorption/desorption micropore analyzer. The effect of catalysts on the yield rate and qualities of products was discussed. The loading of Zn2+ to ZSM-5 provided additional acid sites and increased the ratio of Lewis acid site to Brønsted acid site. BET results revealed that the surface area and pore volume of the catalyst decreased after ZSM-5 was impregnated with zinc, while the pore size increased. When using the bifunctional catalyst, the pH value and heating value of upgraded camelina oils increased, while the oxygen content and moisture content decreased. Additionally, the yield rate of hydrocarbon fuels increased, while the density and oxygen content decreased. Because of a high content of fatty acids, the distillation residues of cracking oils might be recycled to the process to improve the hydrocarbon fuel yield rate.
AB - Catalytic cracking of camelina oils to hydrocarbon fuels over ZSM-5 and ZSM-5 impregnated with Zn2+ (named bifunctional catalyst) was individually carried out at 500 °C using a tubular fixed-bed reactor. Fresh and used catalysts were characterized by ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen isothermal adsorption/desorption micropore analyzer. The effect of catalysts on the yield rate and qualities of products was discussed. The loading of Zn2+ to ZSM-5 provided additional acid sites and increased the ratio of Lewis acid site to Brønsted acid site. BET results revealed that the surface area and pore volume of the catalyst decreased after ZSM-5 was impregnated with zinc, while the pore size increased. When using the bifunctional catalyst, the pH value and heating value of upgraded camelina oils increased, while the oxygen content and moisture content decreased. Additionally, the yield rate of hydrocarbon fuels increased, while the density and oxygen content decreased. Because of a high content of fatty acids, the distillation residues of cracking oils might be recycled to the process to improve the hydrocarbon fuel yield rate.
KW - Camelina
KW - Catalytic Cracking
KW - Hydrocarbon
KW - Zinc
KW - ZSM-5
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84938292342&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11814-015-0028-8
DO - 10.1007/s11814-015-0028-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84938292342
SN - 0256-1115
VL - 32
SP - 1528
EP - 1541
JO - Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF - Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
IS - 8
ER -