Carbon influx in He and D plasmas in DIII-D

Differences in the carbon behavior between He and D plasmas during VH-mode, L-mode and L-mode with excess gas puffing are reported and inferences on the importance of the various carbon sources during these modes of operation are discussed. During a VH-mode phase, VUV and visible charge exchange spectroscopy indicates that for both He and D operation the carbon behavior is very similar. In the edge plasma, carbon build up is quite rapid, and the carbon influx represents a large fraction of the total plasma density increase until the termination of the VH phase. During cold divertor operation induced by puffing the primary fueling gas, D and He discharges show a difference in the carbon behavior. The core carbon density is seen to be approximately constant during a D discharge as it transitions from an attached to a cold divertor. However in a He discharge, the core carbon density disappears soon after the cold divertor transition. Arguments are made that the primary carbon source in the ELM free H-mode period is physical sputtering by ion impact at the divertor strike point. In L-mode, both attached and cold divertor, the primary source is from the divertor region and two possibilities for this source are chemical sputtering or charge exchange neutral sputtering. Existing data supports charge exchange neutrals as dominant.