Boundary layer transition models for naval applications: Capabilities and limitations

We describe the implementation of several recently developed boundary layer transition models into the overset computational fluid dynamics code, REX, developed at the University of Iowa, together with an evaluation of its capabilities and limitations for naval hydrodynamics applications. Models based on correlations and on amplification factor transport were implemented in one- and two-equation Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence models, including modifications to operate in crossflow. Extensive validation of the transition models implemented in REX is performed for several 2- and 3-dimensional geometries of naval relevance. Standard tests with extensive available experimental data include flat plates in zero pressure gradient, an airfoil, and sickle wing. More complex test cases include the propeller, P4119, with some experimental data available, and the generic submersible, Joubert BB2, with no relevant experimental data available, to validate the transition models. Simulations for these last two cases show that extensive regions of laminar flow can be present on the bodies at laboratory scale and field scale for small vessels, and the potential effects on resistance and propulsion can be significant.