Abstract
A novel composite material consisting of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CdHAP) biomimetically deposited in a bacterial cellulose hydrogel was synthesized and characterized. Cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter hansenii was purified and sequentially incubated in solutions of calcium chloride followed by sodium phosphate dibasic. A substantial amount of apatite (50-90% of total dry weight) was homogeneously incorporated throughout the hydrogel after this treatment. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) showed that CdHAP crystallites had formed in the cellulose. XRD further demonstrated that the CdHAP was comprised of 10-50 nm anisotropic crystallites elongated in the c-axis, similar to natural bone apatite. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrated that hydroxyl IR bands of the cellulose shifted to lower wave numbers indicating that a coordinate bond had possibly formed between the CdHAP and the cellulose hydroxyl groups. FTIR also suggested that the CdHAP had formed from an octacalcium phosphate precursor similar to physiological bone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that uniform ∼1 μm spherical CdHAP particles comprised of nanosized crystallites with a lamellar morphology had formed in the cellulose. The synthesis of the composite mimics the natural biomineralization of bone indicating that bacterial cellulose can be used as a template for biomimetic apatite formation. This composite may have potential use as an orthopedic biomaterial.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 4661-4670 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Biomaterials |
| Volume | 27 |
| Issue number | 26 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 2006 |
Funding
S.A. Hutchens would like to acknowledge The National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and The University of Tennessee Office of Research Scholarly Activity and Research Incentive Funds Graduate Research Assistantship for support. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. Elias Greenbaum, Dr. Jonathan Woodward, Greg Jones (SEM), Xiaoyu Luo (FTIR), Dr. E. Andrew Payzant (XRD) and Christopher Stephens (FTIR). This research was supported by funding from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) High Temperature Materials Laboratory (HTML) was sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, US Department of Energy. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under Contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work was sponsored by a contractor of the US Government under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the US Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce this document, or to allow others to do so, for US Government purposes.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Office of FreedomCar | DE-AC05-00OR22725 |
| University of Tennessee Office of Research Scholarly Activity and Research Incentive Funds Graduate Research Assistantship | |
| National Science Foundation | |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy | |
| Basic Energy Sciences | |
| Oak Ridge National Laboratory | |
| Government of South Australia |
Keywords
- Bacterial cellulose
- Biomimetic material
- Hydrogel
- Hydroxyapatite composite