Biochemical functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanofibres

Because of their unique physical and chemical properties, vertically aligned carbon nanofibres (VACNFs) show promise in improving current analytical measurement techniques. Chemical functionalization schemes will be necessary to fully realize this promise. Functionalization of the VACNFs with biomolecules or other species can impart specific chemical or physical properties. We report on two methods for immobilizing biomolecules on the surface of VACNFs. One attachment scheme makes use of a class of heterocyclic aromatic dye compounds to specifically adsorb onto VACNFs. The second scheme involves covalently coupling biomolecules through cross-linking to carboxylic acid sites on the sidewalls of the carbon nanofibres. The observed adsorption and covalent coupling properties are consistent with the physical structure and chemical characteristics of the VACNFs.