Abstract
Most lithium-ion batteries still rely on intercalation-type graphite materials for anodes, and the formation process for them typically takes several days or even more to provide a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The slow formation step results in lower LIB production rates, requires a large number of battery cyclers, and constitutes the second highest cost during battery manufacturing. In an effort to decrease the high manufacturing cost associated with long formation times, we studied five different formation protocols in nickel-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)/graphite cells where the total formation time varied from 10 to 86 h. Electrochemical characterization and post mortem analysis show that very long formation time do not necessarily improve long-term performance while very short formation protocols result in lithium plating and poorer electrochemical performance. We find the optimum formation cycling protocol is intermediate in length to minimize impedance growth, improve capacity retention, and avoid lithium plating.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 107-115 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Power Sources |
| Volume | 402 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 31 2018 |
Funding
This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, was sponsored by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office (Deputy Director: David Howell; Applied Battery Research (ABR) Program Manager: Peter Faguy). SEM was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, was sponsored by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office (Deputy Director: David Howell; Applied Battery Research (ABR) Program Manager: Peter Faguy). SEM was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office | |
| U.S. Department of Energy | DE-AC05-00OR22725 |
| Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy | |
| Oak Ridge National Laboratory | |
| Vehicle Technologies Office | |
| UT-Battelle |
Keywords
- Cycling stability
- Fast formation
- Li-ion battery
- Lithium plating
- Ni-rich cathode
- Solid electrolyte interphase
