Assessing Resilience in Lane Detection Methods: Infrastructure-Based Sensors and Traditional Approaches for Autonomous Vehicles

Pritesh Patil, Johan Fanas Rojas, Parth Kadav, Sachin Sharma, Alexandra Masterson, Ross Wang, Ali Ekti, Liao Dahan, Nicolas Brown, Zachary Asher

Research output: Contribution to journalConference articlepeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Traditional autonomous vehicle perception subsystems that use onboard sensors have the drawbacks of high computational load and data duplication. Infrastructure-based sensors, which can provide high quality information without the computational burden and data duplication, are an alternative to traditional autonomous vehicle perception subsystems. However, these technologies are still in the early stages of development and have not been extensively evaluated for lane detection system performance. Therefore, there is a lack of quantitative data on their performance relative to traditional perception methods, especially during hazardous scenarios, such as lane line occlusion, sensor failure, and environmental obstructions. We address this need by evaluating the influence of hazards on the resilience of three different lane detection methods in simulation: (1) traditional camera detection using a U-Net algorithm, (2) radar detections using infrastructure-based radar retro-reflectors (RRs), and (3) direct communication of lane line information using chip-enabled raised pavement markers (CERPMs). The performance of each of these methods is assessed using resilience engineering metrics by simulating the individual methods for each sensor technology's response to related hazards in the CARLA simulator. Using simulation techniques to replicate these methods and hazards acquires extensive datasets without lengthy time investments. Specifically, the resilience triangle was used to quantitatively measure the resilience of the lane detection system to obtain unique insights into each of the three lane detection methods; notably the infrastructure-based CERPMs and RRs had high resistance to hazards and were not as easily affected as the vision-based U-Net. However, while U-Net was able to recover the fastest from the disruption as compared to the other two methods, it also had the most performance loss. Overall, this study demonstrates that while infrastructure-based lane keeping technologies are still in early development, they have great potential as alternatives to traditional ones.

Original languageEnglish
JournalSAE Technical Papers
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 9 2024
Event2024 SAE World Congress Experience, WCX 2024 - Detroit, United States
Duration: Apr 16 2024Apr 18 2024

Funding

This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE)s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems program under DE\u2013EE\u20130009657

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