Application of the Reduced Graphene Oxide–Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composite for Development of the Electrochemical Aptasensor for Oxytetracycline Detection †

Minas Kakos; Maria Pavai; Charalampos Zacharopoulos; Kiran Sontakke; Leda Bousiakou; Zsofia Keresztes; Ilia N. Ivanov; Tibor Hianik

doi:10.3390/engproc2025106016

Application of the Reduced Graphene Oxide–Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composite for Development of the Electrochemical Aptasensor for Oxytetracycline Detection †

Minas Kakos
, Maria Pavai
, Charalampos Zacharopoulos
, Kiran Sontakke
, Leda Bousiakou
, Zsofia Keresztes
, Ilia N. Ivanov
, Tibor Hianik

Functional Hybrid Nanomaterials

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Excessive use of oxytetracycline (OTC) in veterinary medicine has increased the presence of antibiotics in food, which accelerates the development of antimicrobial resistance. We report the development of a highly sensitive electrochemical aptasensor for OTC detection, based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite. DNA aptamers specific to OTC were covalently attached to the nanocomposite surface via carbodiimide chemistry. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) showed a decrease in peak current due to the binding of OTC to the aptamers. The sensor exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.72 ng/mL, which is below the maximum residue limit (MRL) for OTC (100 ng/mL) established by European Union. The sensor has been tested on a spiked milk sample.

Original language	English
Article number	16
Journal	Engineering Proceedings
Volume	106
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025106016
State	Published - 2025

Funding

This research was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101007299, the Science Agency VEGA, project No. 1/0445/23. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility, project No. CNMS2024-B-02709.

Keywords

DNA aptamer
differential pulse voltammetry
glassy carbon electrode
graphene oxide
milk
multiwalled carbon nanotubes
oxytetracycline

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10.3390/engproc2025106016

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Kakos, M., Pavai, M., Zacharopoulos, C., Sontakke, K., Bousiakou, L., Keresztes, Z., Ivanov, I. N., & Hianik, T. (2025). Application of the Reduced Graphene Oxide–Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composite for Development of the Electrochemical Aptasensor for Oxytetracycline Detection †. Engineering Proceedings, 106(1), Article 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025106016

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abstract = "Excessive use of oxytetracycline (OTC) in veterinary medicine has increased the presence of antibiotics in food, which accelerates the development of antimicrobial resistance. We report the development of a highly sensitive electrochemical aptasensor for OTC detection, based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite. DNA aptamers specific to OTC were covalently attached to the nanocomposite surface via carbodiimide chemistry. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) showed a decrease in peak current due to the binding of OTC to the aptamers. The sensor exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.72 ng/mL, which is below the maximum residue limit (MRL) for OTC (100 ng/mL) established by European Union. The sensor has been tested on a spiked milk sample.",

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AU - Zacharopoulos, Charalampos

AU - Sontakke, Kiran

AU - Bousiakou, Leda

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AB - Excessive use of oxytetracycline (OTC) in veterinary medicine has increased the presence of antibiotics in food, which accelerates the development of antimicrobial resistance. We report the development of a highly sensitive electrochemical aptasensor for OTC detection, based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite. DNA aptamers specific to OTC were covalently attached to the nanocomposite surface via carbodiimide chemistry. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) showed a decrease in peak current due to the binding of OTC to the aptamers. The sensor exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.72 ng/mL, which is below the maximum residue limit (MRL) for OTC (100 ng/mL) established by European Union. The sensor has been tested on a spiked milk sample.

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Application of the Reduced Graphene Oxide–Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composite for Development of the Electrochemical Aptasensor for Oxytetracycline Detection †

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