Anisotropic Electron-Photon and Electron-Phonon Interactions in Black Phosphorus

Xi Ling, Shengxi Huang, Eddwi H. Hasdeo, Liangbo Liang, William M. Parkin, Yuki Tatsumi, Ahmad R.T. Nugraha, Alexander A. Puretzky, Paul Masih Das, Bobby G. Sumpter, David B. Geohegan, Jing Kong, Riichiro Saito, Marija Drndic, Vincent Meunier, Mildred S. Dresselhaus

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

339 Scopus citations

Abstract

Orthorhombic black phosphorus (BP) and other layered materials, such as gallium telluride (GaTe) and tin selenide (SnSe), stand out among two-dimensional (2D) materials owing to their anisotropic in-plane structure. This anisotropy adds a new dimension to the properties of 2D materials and stimulates the development of angle-resolved photonics and electronics. However, understanding the effect of anisotropy has remained unsatisfactory to date, as shown by a number of inconsistencies in the recent literature. We use angle-resolved absorption and Raman spectroscopies to investigate the role of anisotropy on the electron-photon and electron-phonon interactions in BP. We highlight, both experimentally and theoretically, a nontrivial dependence between anisotropy and flake thickness and photon and phonon energies. We show that once understood, the anisotropic optical absorption appears to be a reliable and simple way to identify the crystalline orientation of BP, which cannot be determined from Raman spectroscopy without the explicit consideration of excitation wavelength and flake thickness, as commonly used previously.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2260-2267
Number of pages8
JournalNano Letters
Volume16
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 13 2016

Funding

The authors acknowledge Professor Marcos A. Pimenta from Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil for helpful discussion. X.L., S.H., and M.S.D. at MIT acknowledge National Science Foundation grant 2DARE (EFRI-1542815) and U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-SC0001299 for financial support. A.R.T.N. acknowledges the Leading Graduate Schools Program from Tohoku University for financial support. R.S. acknowledges MEXT Grant No. 25107005. V.M. acknowledges the support by NSF and the Office of Naval Research. L.L. was supported as a Eugene P. Wigner Fellow at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Microabsorption measurements were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. W.M.P., P.M.D., and M.D. acknowledge the NSF-MRSEC electron microscopy facility at the University of Pennsylvania and Dr. Robert Keyse for the use of the AC-TEM facility at Lehigh University.

FundersFunder number
NSF-MRSEC
Scientific User Facilities Division
National Science Foundation2DARE, EFRI-1542815, 1542815
Office of Naval Research
U.S. Department of EnergyDE-SC0001299
Basic Energy Sciences
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology25107005
Tohoku University

    Keywords

    • In-plane anisotropy
    • Raman spectroscopy
    • crystalline orientation
    • optical absorption
    • optical selection rule

    Fingerprint

    Dive into the research topics of 'Anisotropic Electron-Photon and Electron-Phonon Interactions in Black Phosphorus'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

    Cite this