Angle Droop Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Impacts of Virtual Impedance Control

Le Kong; Yaosuo Xue; Liang Qiao; Fei Fred Wang

doi:10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595604

Angle Droop Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Impacts of Virtual Impedance Control

Le Kong, Yaosuo Xue, Liang Qiao, Fei Fred Wang

Grid Systems Modeling and Controls

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

Grid-forming inverters (GFMs) based on active power-frequency droop control and reactive power-voltage droop control have been developed in recent years, which can generate voltage and frequency references for islanded power systems or microgrids to improve system-wide synchronization and power-sharing capability. It is known that the control delays in GFMs may cause system harmonic instability. To eliminate this issue, virtual impedance techniques are normally adopted. This paper gives a comprehensive examination of the impacts of virtual impedance control block Zv in GFMs on system stability. It is revealed that although Zv is effective in eliminating system harmonic stability, it may ruin system synchronization stability as a side effect. To compensate for the negative impacts caused by Zv, an active power-angle control block is added into the conventional droop control. Design criteria are also proposed accordingly to ensure system stability over the entire frequency range. Simulations and experimental testing are conducted to validate the analysis and the proposed design guidelines. It can be concluded that the Zv control-caused grid-synchronization instability issues can be eliminated with an appropriate active power-angle droop design.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	1006-1013
Number of pages	8
ISBN (Electronic)	9781728151359
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595604
State	Published - 2021
Event	13th IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Virtual, Online, Canada Duration: Oct 10 2021 → Oct 14 2021

Publication series

Name	2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings

Conference

Conference	13th IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021
Country/Territory	Canada
City	Virtual, Online
Period	10/10/21 → 10/14/21

Funding

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity, Advanced Grid Modeling Program under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work also made use of Engineering Research Center Shared Facilities provided by the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy under NSF Award Number EEC1041877 and the CURENT Industry Partnership Program.

Keywords

Angle droop control
grid forming inverter
harmonic instability
synchronous stability
virtual impedance control

Access to Document

10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595604

Cite this

Kong, L., Xue, Y., Qiao, L., & Wang, F. F. (2021). Angle Droop Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Impacts of Virtual Impedance Control. In 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings (pp. 1006-1013). (2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595604

Kong, Le ; Xue, Yaosuo ; Qiao, Liang et al. / Angle Droop Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Impacts of Virtual Impedance Control. 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021. pp. 1006-1013 (2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings).

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title = "Angle Droop Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Impacts of Virtual Impedance Control",

abstract = "Grid-forming inverters (GFMs) based on active power-frequency droop control and reactive power-voltage droop control have been developed in recent years, which can generate voltage and frequency references for islanded power systems or microgrids to improve system-wide synchronization and power-sharing capability. It is known that the control delays in GFMs may cause system harmonic instability. To eliminate this issue, virtual impedance techniques are normally adopted. This paper gives a comprehensive examination of the impacts of virtual impedance control block Zv in GFMs on system stability. It is revealed that although Zv is effective in eliminating system harmonic stability, it may ruin system synchronization stability as a side effect. To compensate for the negative impacts caused by Zv, an active power-angle control block is added into the conventional droop control. Design criteria are also proposed accordingly to ensure system stability over the entire frequency range. Simulations and experimental testing are conducted to validate the analysis and the proposed design guidelines. It can be concluded that the Zv control-caused grid-synchronization instability issues can be eliminated with an appropriate active power-angle droop design.",

keywords = "Angle droop control, grid forming inverter, harmonic instability, synchronous stability, virtual impedance control",

author = "Le Kong and Yaosuo Xue and Liang Qiao and Wang, {Fei Fred}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 IEEE.; 13th IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 ; Conference date: 10-10-2021 Through 14-10-2021",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595604",

language = "English",

series = "2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings",

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Kong, L, Xue, Y, Qiao, L & Wang, FF 2021, Angle Droop Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Impacts of Virtual Impedance Control. in 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings. 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 1006-1013, 13th IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021, Virtual, Online, Canada, 10/10/21. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595604

Angle Droop Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Impacts of Virtual Impedance Control. / Kong, Le; Xue, Yaosuo; Qiao, Liang et al.
2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021. p. 1006-1013 (2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Angle Droop Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Impacts of Virtual Impedance Control

AU - Kong, Le

AU - Xue, Yaosuo

AU - Qiao, Liang

AU - Wang, Fei Fred

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Grid-forming inverters (GFMs) based on active power-frequency droop control and reactive power-voltage droop control have been developed in recent years, which can generate voltage and frequency references for islanded power systems or microgrids to improve system-wide synchronization and power-sharing capability. It is known that the control delays in GFMs may cause system harmonic instability. To eliminate this issue, virtual impedance techniques are normally adopted. This paper gives a comprehensive examination of the impacts of virtual impedance control block Zv in GFMs on system stability. It is revealed that although Zv is effective in eliminating system harmonic stability, it may ruin system synchronization stability as a side effect. To compensate for the negative impacts caused by Zv, an active power-angle control block is added into the conventional droop control. Design criteria are also proposed accordingly to ensure system stability over the entire frequency range. Simulations and experimental testing are conducted to validate the analysis and the proposed design guidelines. It can be concluded that the Zv control-caused grid-synchronization instability issues can be eliminated with an appropriate active power-angle droop design.

AB - Grid-forming inverters (GFMs) based on active power-frequency droop control and reactive power-voltage droop control have been developed in recent years, which can generate voltage and frequency references for islanded power systems or microgrids to improve system-wide synchronization and power-sharing capability. It is known that the control delays in GFMs may cause system harmonic instability. To eliminate this issue, virtual impedance techniques are normally adopted. This paper gives a comprehensive examination of the impacts of virtual impedance control block Zv in GFMs on system stability. It is revealed that although Zv is effective in eliminating system harmonic stability, it may ruin system synchronization stability as a side effect. To compensate for the negative impacts caused by Zv, an active power-angle control block is added into the conventional droop control. Design criteria are also proposed accordingly to ensure system stability over the entire frequency range. Simulations and experimental testing are conducted to validate the analysis and the proposed design guidelines. It can be concluded that the Zv control-caused grid-synchronization instability issues can be eliminated with an appropriate active power-angle droop design.

KW - Angle droop control

KW - grid forming inverter

KW - harmonic instability

KW - synchronous stability

KW - virtual impedance control

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T3 - 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings

SP - 1006

EP - 1013

BT - 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 13th IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021

Y2 - 10 October 2021 through 14 October 2021

ER -

Kong L, Xue Y, Qiao L, Wang FF. Angle Droop Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Impacts of Virtual Impedance Control. In 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2021. p. 1006-1013. (2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2021 - Proceedings). doi: 10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595604

Angle Droop Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Impacts of Virtual Impedance Control

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