Abstract
Although several alternative low GWP refrigerants including natural have been proposed, the HVAC industry consensus on how to deal with the attendant issues is still evolving. This paper provides a qualitative and quantitative insight into the peculiar phase boundary shapes of refrigerants, essential for understanding their application, and in evaluating existing and future refrigerants. The methodology is firmly grounded in the thermodynamics of phase equilibria and the criteria of positive-definiteness, a direct consequence of the Second Law and the existence of intermolecular forces (IMF). The formal methodology is strikingly easy to implement in practice and explains clearly why certain refrigerants display “re-entrant” behavior while others do not. The paper shows how an evidence-based selection can be made among the 40 refrigerants analyzed in this study.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | ICR 2019 - 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration |
Editors | Vasile Minea |
Publisher | International Institute of Refrigeration |
Pages | 804-812 |
Number of pages | 9 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9782362150357 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2019 |
Event | 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, ICR 2019 - Montreal, Canada Duration: Aug 24 2019 → Aug 30 2019 |
Publication series
Name | Refrigeration Science and Technology |
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Volume | 2019-August |
ISSN (Print) | 0151-1637 |
Conference
Conference | 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, ICR 2019 |
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Country/Territory | Canada |
City | Montreal |
Period | 08/24/19 → 08/30/19 |
Funding
The authors are grateful to the U.S Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office for supporting this work. We thank Dr. Ayyoub Momen, Dr. Brian Fricke, and Dr. Bo Shen for reviewing the manuscript. 1 Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-‐Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-‐AC05-‐00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-‐up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-‐public-‐access-‐plan).
Keywords
- Alternate refrigerants
- Heat pumps
- Low GWP
- VLE