Abstract
Photoinjectors are the main high brightness electron sources for x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). Photoinjector emittance reduction is one of the key knobs for improving XFEL lasing, so precise emittance measurement is critical. It is well known that rms emittance is very sensitive to low intensity tails of particle distributions in the phase space, whose measurement depends on the signal to noise ratio and image processing procedures. Such sensitivities make the interpretations of beam transverse brightness challenging, leading to different emittance definitions to reduce the impact of tail particles. In this paper, transverse phase space is analyzed in action and phase coordinates for both analytical models and experiments, which gives a more intuitive way to calculate the beam core brightness.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 103401 |
Journal | Physical Review Accelerators and Beams |
Volume | 25 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 2022 |
Externally published | Yes |
Funding
The authors appreciate inspiring discussions with C. J. Richard on transverse phase space analysis in the action and phase coordinates. This work was supported by the European XFEL Research and Development program.
Funders | Funder number |
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European XFEL Research and Development program |