Analysis of ion-exchanged ZSM-5, BEA, and SSZ-13 zeolite trapping materials under realistic exhaust conditions

Todd J. Toops; Andrew J. Binder; Pranaw Kunal; Eleni A. Kyriakidou; Jae Soon Choi

doi:10.3390/catal11040449

Analysis of ion-exchanged ZSM-5, BEA, and SSZ-13 zeolite trapping materials under realistic exhaust conditions

Todd J. Toops, Andrew J. Binder, Pranaw Kunal, Eleni A. Kyriakidou, Jae Soon Choi

Applied Catalysis&Emissions Res. Group

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

An industry-defined evaluation protocol was used to evaluate the hydrocarbon trapping (HCT) and passive NOx adsorption (PNA) potential for BEA, ZSM-5, and SSZ-13 zeolites with ion-exchanged Pd or Ag. All materials underwent 700^◦ C degreening prior to exposure to an industry-derived protocol gas stream, which included NOx, ethylene, toluene, and decane as measured trapping species as well as common exhaust gasses CO, H₂ O, O₂, CO₂, and H₂ . Evaluation showed that BEA and ZSM-5 zeolites were effective at trapping hydrocarbons (HCs), as saturation was not achieved after 30 min of exposure. SSZ-13 also stored HCs but was only able to adsorb 20–25% compared to BEA and ZSM-5. The presence of Ag or Pd did not impact the overall HC uptake, particularly in the first three minutes. Pd/zeolites had significantly lower THC release temperature, and it aided in the conversion of the released HCs; Ag only had a moderate effect in both areas. With respect to NOx adsorption, the level of uptake was much lower than HCs on all samples, and Ag or Pd was necessary with Pd being notably more effective. Additionally, only Pd/ZSM-5 and Pd/SSZ-13 continue to store a portion of the NOx above 200^◦ C, which is critical for downstream selective catalytic NOx reduction (SCR). Hydrothermal aging (800^◦ C for 50 h) of a subset of the samples were performed: BEA, Pd/BEA, ZSM-5, Pd/ZSM-5, and Pd/SSZ-13. There was a minimal effect on the HC storage, ~10% reduction in capacity with no effect on release temperature; however, only Pd/SSZ-13 showed significant NOx storage after aging.

Original language	English
Article number	449
Journal	Catalysts
Volume	11
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11040449
State	Published - Apr 2021

Funding

Funding: Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO). The authors greatly appreciate support from Ken Howden, Siddiq Khan, and Gurpreet Singh at VTO. for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy?s Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO). The authors greatly appreciate support from Ken Howden, Siddiq Khan, and Gurpreet Singh at VTO. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC0500OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan, accessed on 29 March 2021). Acknowledgments: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC0500OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan, accessed on 29 March 2021).

Keywords

Hydrocarbon trap (HCT)
Palladium
Passive NOx adsorber (PNA)
Silver
Zeolite

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10.3390/catal11040449

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title = "Analysis of ion-exchanged ZSM-5, BEA, and SSZ-13 zeolite trapping materials under realistic exhaust conditions",

abstract = "An industry-defined evaluation protocol was used to evaluate the hydrocarbon trapping (HCT) and passive NOx adsorption (PNA) potential for BEA, ZSM-5, and SSZ-13 zeolites with ion-exchanged Pd or Ag. All materials underwent 700◦ C degreening prior to exposure to an industry-derived protocol gas stream, which included NOx, ethylene, toluene, and decane as measured trapping species as well as common exhaust gasses CO, H2 O, O2, CO2, and H2 . Evaluation showed that BEA and ZSM-5 zeolites were effective at trapping hydrocarbons (HCs), as saturation was not achieved after 30 min of exposure. SSZ-13 also stored HCs but was only able to adsorb 20–25% compared to BEA and ZSM-5. The presence of Ag or Pd did not impact the overall HC uptake, particularly in the first three minutes. Pd/zeolites had significantly lower THC release temperature, and it aided in the conversion of the released HCs; Ag only had a moderate effect in both areas. With respect to NOx adsorption, the level of uptake was much lower than HCs on all samples, and Ag or Pd was necessary with Pd being notably more effective. Additionally, only Pd/ZSM-5 and Pd/SSZ-13 continue to store a portion of the NOx above 200◦ C, which is critical for downstream selective catalytic NOx reduction (SCR). Hydrothermal aging (800◦ C for 50 h) of a subset of the samples were performed: BEA, Pd/BEA, ZSM-5, Pd/ZSM-5, and Pd/SSZ-13. There was a minimal effect on the HC storage, ~10% reduction in capacity with no effect on release temperature; however, only Pd/SSZ-13 showed significant NOx storage after aging.",

keywords = "Hydrocarbon trap (HCT), Palladium, Passive NOx adsorber (PNA), Silver, Zeolite",

author = "Toops, {Todd J.} and Binder, {Andrew J.} and Pranaw Kunal and Kyriakidou, {Eleni A.} and Choi, {Jae Soon}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2021",

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doi = "10.3390/catal11040449",

language = "English",

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journal = "Catalysts",

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T1 - Analysis of ion-exchanged ZSM-5, BEA, and SSZ-13 zeolite trapping materials under realistic exhaust conditions

AU - Toops, Todd J.

AU - Binder, Andrew J.

AU - Kunal, Pranaw

AU - Kyriakidou, Eleni A.

AU - Choi, Jae Soon

PY - 2021/4

Y1 - 2021/4

N2 - An industry-defined evaluation protocol was used to evaluate the hydrocarbon trapping (HCT) and passive NOx adsorption (PNA) potential for BEA, ZSM-5, and SSZ-13 zeolites with ion-exchanged Pd or Ag. All materials underwent 700◦ C degreening prior to exposure to an industry-derived protocol gas stream, which included NOx, ethylene, toluene, and decane as measured trapping species as well as common exhaust gasses CO, H2 O, O2, CO2, and H2 . Evaluation showed that BEA and ZSM-5 zeolites were effective at trapping hydrocarbons (HCs), as saturation was not achieved after 30 min of exposure. SSZ-13 also stored HCs but was only able to adsorb 20–25% compared to BEA and ZSM-5. The presence of Ag or Pd did not impact the overall HC uptake, particularly in the first three minutes. Pd/zeolites had significantly lower THC release temperature, and it aided in the conversion of the released HCs; Ag only had a moderate effect in both areas. With respect to NOx adsorption, the level of uptake was much lower than HCs on all samples, and Ag or Pd was necessary with Pd being notably more effective. Additionally, only Pd/ZSM-5 and Pd/SSZ-13 continue to store a portion of the NOx above 200◦ C, which is critical for downstream selective catalytic NOx reduction (SCR). Hydrothermal aging (800◦ C for 50 h) of a subset of the samples were performed: BEA, Pd/BEA, ZSM-5, Pd/ZSM-5, and Pd/SSZ-13. There was a minimal effect on the HC storage, ~10% reduction in capacity with no effect on release temperature; however, only Pd/SSZ-13 showed significant NOx storage after aging.

AB - An industry-defined evaluation protocol was used to evaluate the hydrocarbon trapping (HCT) and passive NOx adsorption (PNA) potential for BEA, ZSM-5, and SSZ-13 zeolites with ion-exchanged Pd or Ag. All materials underwent 700◦ C degreening prior to exposure to an industry-derived protocol gas stream, which included NOx, ethylene, toluene, and decane as measured trapping species as well as common exhaust gasses CO, H2 O, O2, CO2, and H2 . Evaluation showed that BEA and ZSM-5 zeolites were effective at trapping hydrocarbons (HCs), as saturation was not achieved after 30 min of exposure. SSZ-13 also stored HCs but was only able to adsorb 20–25% compared to BEA and ZSM-5. The presence of Ag or Pd did not impact the overall HC uptake, particularly in the first three minutes. Pd/zeolites had significantly lower THC release temperature, and it aided in the conversion of the released HCs; Ag only had a moderate effect in both areas. With respect to NOx adsorption, the level of uptake was much lower than HCs on all samples, and Ag or Pd was necessary with Pd being notably more effective. Additionally, only Pd/ZSM-5 and Pd/SSZ-13 continue to store a portion of the NOx above 200◦ C, which is critical for downstream selective catalytic NOx reduction (SCR). Hydrothermal aging (800◦ C for 50 h) of a subset of the samples were performed: BEA, Pd/BEA, ZSM-5, Pd/ZSM-5, and Pd/SSZ-13. There was a minimal effect on the HC storage, ~10% reduction in capacity with no effect on release temperature; however, only Pd/SSZ-13 showed significant NOx storage after aging.

KW - Hydrocarbon trap (HCT)

KW - Palladium

KW - Passive NOx adsorber (PNA)

KW - Silver

KW - Zeolite

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DO - 10.3390/catal11040449

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85103336740

SN - 2073-4344

VL - 11

JO - Catalysts

JF - Catalysts

IS - 4

M1 - 449

ER -

Analysis of ion-exchanged ZSM-5, BEA, and SSZ-13 zeolite trapping materials under realistic exhaust conditions

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