Abstract
One of the key reasons why nanoscale materials behave differently from their bulk counterparts is that a large fraction of atoms reside at surfaces or interfaces. For instance, the melting point, hardness and even crystal structure of a nanocrystal can be dramatically different from that of the same element or compound in its conventional phase. Of particular interest from an ion-beam modification point of view is how much the structural transformations induced by energetic ions in nanocrystals differ from those in the bulk phase. Using a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) experiments, we show that the crystalline-to-amorphous transition in Ge nanocrystals occurs at a dose which is significantly (more than an order of magnitude) lower than that in the bulk phase. The MD simulations indicate that this is related to the outermost part of a structured nanocrystal being subjected to an additional stress delivered by the amorphous surroundings. These results show that conventional models based on irradiation of bulk materials can not be used to estimate the susceptibility of nanocrystals to phase transitions.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1235-1238 |
Number of pages | 4 |
Journal | Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms |
Volume | 267 |
Issue number | 8-9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 1 2009 |
Externally published | Yes |
Funding
This work was performed within the Finnish Centre of Excellence in Computational Molecular Science (CMS), financed by The Academy of Finland and the University of Helsinki and also financed by Academy projects OPNA and CONADEP. Grants of computer time from the Center for Scientific Computing in Espoo, Finland, are gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the Australian Synchrotron Research Program, funded by the Commonwealth of Australia and the Australian Research Council for support.
Keywords
- Germanium
- Interface
- Ion irradiation
- Molecular dynamics simulation
- Nanocrystal
- Silica