A Transported Livengood-Wu Integral Model for Knock Prediction in Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation

Zongyu Yue, Chao Xu, Sibendu Som, C. Scott Sluder, K. Dean Edwards, Russell A. Whitesides, Matthew J. McNenly

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

This work describes the development of a transported Livengood-Wu (L-W) integral model for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to predict autoignition and engine knock tendency. The currently employed L-W integral model considers both single-stage and two-stage ignition processes, thus can be generally applied to different fuels such as paraffin, olefin, aromatics, and alcohol. The model implementation is first validated in simulations of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion for three different fuels, showing good accuracy in prediction of autoignition timing for fuels with either single-stage or two-stage ignition characteristics. Then, the L-W integral model is coupled with G-equation model to indicate end-gas autoignition and knock tendency in CFD simulations of a direct-injection spark-ignition engine. This modeling approach is about 10 times more efficient than the ones that based on detailed chemistry calculation and pressure oscillation analysis. Two fuels with same Research Octane Number (RON) but different octane sensitivity are studied, namely, Co-Optima alkylate and Co-Optima E30. Feed-forward neural network model in conjunction with multivariable minimization technique is used to generate fuel surrogates with targets of matched RON, octane sensitivity, and ethanol content. The CFD model is validated against experimental data in terms of pressure traces and heat release rate for both fuels under a wide range of operating conditions. The knock tendency-indicated by the fuel energy contained in the autoignited region-of the two fuels at different load conditions correlates well with the experimental results and the fuel octane sensitivity, implying the current knock modeling approach can capture the octane sensitivity effect and can be applied to further investigation on composition of octane sensitivity.

Original languageEnglish
Article number091017
JournalJournal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
Volume143
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2021

Funding

UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. This research was partially funded by DOE's Office of Vehicle Technologies, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors wish to thank Gurpreet Singh, Kevin Stork, and Michael Weismiller, program managers at DOE, for their support. This research was conducted as part of the Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima) project sponsored by the U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices. The authors would like to acknowledge the Laboratory Computing Resource Center (LCRC) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for computing resource on the Bebop cluster that were used in this research. U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Vehicle Technologies, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (Funder ID: 10.13039/100000015). • U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Vehicle Technolo-gies, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (Funder ID: 10.13039/100000015). UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable world-wide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. This research was partially funded by DOE’s Office of Vehicle Technologies, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors wish to thank Gurpreet Singh, Kevin Stork, and Michael Weismiller, program managers at DOE, for their support. This research was conducted as part of the Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima) project sponsored by the U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices. The authors would like to acknowledge the Laboratory Computing Resource Center (LCRC) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for computing resource on the Bebop cluster that were used in this research.

FundersFunder number
DOE's Office of Vehicle Technologies
DOE’s Office of Vehicle Technologies
U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies
U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Vehicle Technologies
U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Vehicle Technolo-gies
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyDE-AC02-06CH11357
Argonne National Laboratory
Laboratory Computing Resource Center

    Keywords

    • CFD
    • Livengood-Wu integral
    • knock
    • octane sensitivity
    • two-stage ignition

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