A technique for monitoring SO₂ in combustion exhausts: Use of a non-Nernstian sensing element in combination with an upstream catalytic filter

Detection of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) at high temperature (600-750 °C) in the presence of some interferents found in combustion exhausts (NO₂, NO, CO₂, CO, and hydrocarbon (C₃H₆)) is described. The detection scheme involves use of a catalytic filter in front of a non-Nernstian (mixed-potential) sensing element. The catalytic filter was a Ni:Cr powder bed operating at 850 °C, and the sensing elements were pairs of platinum (Pt) and oxide (Ba-promoted copper chromite ((Ba,Cu)_xCr_yO_z) or Sr-modified lanthanum ferrite (LSF)) electrodes on yttria-stabilized zirconia. The Ni:Cr powder bed was capable of reducing the sensing element response to NO₂, NO, CO, and C₃H₆, but the presence of NO₂ or NO ("NO_x", at 100 ppm by volume) still interfered with the SO₂ response of the Pt-(Ba,Cu)_xCr_yO_z sensing element at 600 °C, causing approximately a 7 mV (20%) reduction in the response to 120 ppm SO₂ and a response equivalent to about 20 ppm SO₂ in the absence of SO₂. The Pt-LSF sensing element, operated at 750 °C, did not suffer from this NO_x interference but at the cost of a reduced SO₂ response magnitude (120 ppm SO₂ yielded ∼10 mV, in contrast to ∼30 mV for the Pt-(Ba,Cu)_xCr_yO_z sensing element). The powder bed and Pt-LSF sensing element were operated continuously over approximately 350 h, and the response to SO₂ drifted downward by about 7%, with most of this change occurring during the initial 100 h of operation.