A study of extractive and remote-sensing sampling and measurement of emissions from military aircraft engines

Meng Dawn Cheng; Edwin Corporan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.033

A study of extractive and remote-sensing sampling and measurement of emissions from military aircraft engines

Meng Dawn Cheng, Edwin Corporan

Environmental Risk and Energy Analysis

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aircraft emissions contribute to the increased atmospheric burden of particulate matter (PM) that plays an important role in air quality, human health, visibility, contrail formation and climate change. Sampling and measurement of modern aircraft emissions at the engine exhaust plane (EEP) for engine and fuel certification remains challenging, as no agency-certified method is available. In this paper we summarize the results of three recent field studies devoted to investigate the consistency and applicability of " extractive" and " optical remote-sensing" (ORS) technologies in the sampling and measurement of gaseous and PM emitted by a number of military aircraft engines. Three classes of military engines were investigated; these include T56, TF33, and T700 & T701C types of engines, which consume 70-80% of the military aviation fuel each year. JP-8 and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)-derived paraffinic fuels were used to study the effect of fuels. It was found that non-volatile particles in the engine emissions were in the 20. nm range for the low power condition of new helicopter engines to 80. nm for the high power condition of legacy engines. Elemental analysis indicated little metals were present on particles, while most of the materials on the exhaust particles were carbon and sulfate based. Alkanes, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, ethylene, acetylene and propylene were detected. The last five species were most noticeable only under low engine power. The emission indices calculated based on the ORS data deviate significantly from those based on the extractive data. Nevertheless, the ORS techniques were useful in the sense that it provided non-intrusive real-time detection of species in the exhaust plume, which warrants further development. The results obtained in this program help validate sampling methodology and measurement techniques used for non-volatile PM aircraft emissions as described in the SAE AIR6037 (2009).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4867-4878
Number of pages	12
Journal	Atmospheric Environment
Volume	44
Issue number	38
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.033
State	Published - Dec 2010

Funding

This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC , under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. This program was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under the project number WP 1401. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The SERDP WP-1401 team members acknowledge the assistance of the aircraft maintenance and supporting crews at the Kentucky National Guard Base in Louisville, KY, the Barksdale Air Force Base in Shreveport, LA, and the Hunter Army Airfield in Savannah, GA. The SERDP WP-1401 team consists of the following members (listed in alphabetical order of the last name): Michel Chase (Arcadis), Meng-Dawn Cheng (PI, ORNL), Edwin Corporan (Co-PI, AFRL), Matthew DeWitt (UDRI), Michael Derlicki (Arcadis), Walter Fisher (Galt Tech), Bruce Harris (US EPA), Rami Hashmonay (Arcadis), Robert Kagann (Arcadis), Christopher Klingshirn (UDRI), Bradley Landgraf (Undergraduate Student, Allegany College), Doh-Won Lee (Postdoc, ORISE), Shannon Mahurin (ORNL), Curt Maxey (ORNL), Dibyendu Muhkerjee (Postdoc, ORISE), James Park, Jr. (ORNL), Richard Shores (US EPA), and John Storey (ORNL).

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy	DE-AC05-00OR22725
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program	WP 1401

Keywords

Aircraft
Dilution
Emission
Particulate matter
Remote sensing
Turbine engine

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.033

Cite this

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ER -

A study of extractive and remote-sensing sampling and measurement of emissions from military aircraft engines

Abstract

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Keywords

UN SDGs

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