A stellar overdensity associated with the small magellanic cloud

A. Pieres; B. X. Santiago; A. Drlica-Wagner; K. Bechtol; R. P. Van Der Marel; G. Besla; N. F. Martin; V. Belokurov; C. Gallart; D. Martinez-Delgado; J. Marshall; N. E.D. Nöel; S. R. Majewski; M. R.L. Cioni; T. S. Li; W. Hartley; E. Luque; B. C. Conn; A. R. Walker; E. Balbinot; G. S. Stringfellow; K. A.G. Olsen; D. Nidever; L. N. Da Costa; R. Ogando; M. Maia; A. Fausti Neto; T. M.C. Abbott; F. B. Abdalla; S. Allam; J. Annis; A. Benoit-Lévy; A. Carnero Rosell; M. Carrasco Kind; J. Carretero; C. E. Cunha; C. B. D’Andrea; S. Desai; H. T. Diehl; P. Doel; B. Flaugher; P. Fosalba; J. García-Bellido; D. Gruen; R. A. Gruendl; J. Gschwend; G. Gutierrez; K. Honscheid; D. James; K. Kuehn; N. Kuropatkin; F. Menanteau; R. Miquel; A. A. Plazas; A. K. Romer; M. Sako; E. Sanchez; V. Scarpine; M. Schubnell; I. Sevilla-Noarbe; R. C. Smith; M. Soares-Santos; F. Sobreira; E. Suchyta; M. E.C. Swanson; G. Tarle; D. L. Tucker; W. Wester

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx507

A stellar overdensity associated with the small magellanic cloud

A. Pieres, B. X. Santiago, A. Drlica-Wagner, K. Bechtol, R. P. Van Der Marel, G. Besla, N. F. Martin, V. Belokurov, C. Gallart, D. Martinez-Delgado, J. Marshall, N. E.D. Nöel, S. R. Majewski, M. R.L. Cioni, T. S. Li, W. Hartley, E. Luque, B. C. Conn, A. R. Walker, E. BalbinotG. S. Stringfellow, K. A.G. Olsen, D. Nidever, L. N. Da Costa, R. Ogando, M. Maia, A. Fausti Neto, T. M.C. Abbott, F. B. Abdalla, S. Allam, J. Annis, A. Benoit-Lévy, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, C. E. Cunha, C. B. D’Andrea, S. Desai, H. T. Diehl, P. Doel, B. Flaugher, P. Fosalba, J. García-Bellido, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, J. Gschwend, G. Gutierrez, K. Honscheid, D. James, K. Kuehn, N. Kuropatkin, F. Menanteau, R. Miquel, A. A. Plazas, A. K. Romer, M. Sako, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, M. Schubnell, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, R. C. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, F. Sobreira, E. Suchyta, M. E.C. Swanson, G. Tarle, D. L. Tucker, W. Wester

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Abstract

We report the discovery of a stellar overdensity 8^◦ north of the centre of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC; Small Magellanic Cloud Northern Over-Density; SMCNOD), using data from the first 2 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the first year of the MAGellanic SatelLITEs Survey (MagLiteS). The SMCNOD is indistinguishable in age, metallicity and distance from the nearby SMC stars, being primarily composed of intermediate-age stars (6 Gyr, Z=0.001), with a small fraction of young stars (1 Gyr, Z=0.01). The SMCNOD has an elongated shape with an ellipticity of 0.6 and a size of ∼ 6^◦ × 2^◦. It has an absolute magnitude of M_V^∼= −7.7, r_h = 2.1 kpc, and μ_V(r < r_h) = 31.2 mag arcsec⁻². We estimate a stellar mass of ∼10⁵ M, following a Kroupa mass function. The SMCNOD was probably removed from the SMC disc by tidal stripping, since it is located near the head of the Magellanic Stream, and the literature indicates likely recent Large Magellanic Cloud-SMC encounters. This scenario is supported by the lack of significant H I gas. Other potential scenarios for the SMCNOD origin are a transient overdensity within the SMC tidal radius or a primordial SMC satellite in advanced stage of disruption.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1349-1360
Number of pages	12
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	468
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx507
State	Published - Jun 2017

Funding

We are grateful to the anonymous referee for valuable comments, which contributed to improving this paper. This paper has gone through internal review by the DES and MagLiteS Collaboration. EB acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC-StG-335936). DMD acknowledges support by Son-derforschungsbereich (SFB) 881 ‘The Milky Way System’ of the German Research Foundation (DFB), subproject A2. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundac¸ão Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desen-volvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovac¸ão, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the DES. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number AST-1138766. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2012-39559, ESP2013-48274, FPA2013-47986, and Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0234. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329 and 306478.

Keywords

Galaxies: Interactions
Magellanic clouds

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10.1093/mnras/stx507

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Pieres, A., Santiago, B. X., Drlica-Wagner, A., Bechtol, K., Van Der Marel, R. P., Besla, G., Martin, N. F., Belokurov, V., Gallart, C., Martinez-Delgado, D., Marshall, J., Nöel, N. E. D., Majewski, S. R., Cioni, M. R. L., Li, T. S., Hartley, W., Luque, E., Conn, B. C., Walker, A. R., ... Wester, W. (2017). A stellar overdensity associated with the small magellanic cloud. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 468(2), 1349-1360. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx507

@article{8c9f79071f4e4b649d1b2579c821d904,

title = "A stellar overdensity associated with the small magellanic cloud",

abstract = "We report the discovery of a stellar overdensity 8◦ north of the centre of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC; Small Magellanic Cloud Northern Over-Density; SMCNOD), using data from the first 2 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the first year of the MAGellanic SatelLITEs Survey (MagLiteS). The SMCNOD is indistinguishable in age, metallicity and distance from the nearby SMC stars, being primarily composed of intermediate-age stars (6 Gyr, Z=0.001), with a small fraction of young stars (1 Gyr, Z=0.01). The SMCNOD has an elongated shape with an ellipticity of 0.6 and a size of ∼ 6◦ × 2◦. It has an absolute magnitude of MV∼= −7.7, rh = 2.1 kpc, and μV(r < rh) = 31.2 mag arcsec−2. We estimate a stellar mass of ∼105 M, following a Kroupa mass function. The SMCNOD was probably removed from the SMC disc by tidal stripping, since it is located near the head of the Magellanic Stream, and the literature indicates likely recent Large Magellanic Cloud-SMC encounters. This scenario is supported by the lack of significant H I gas. Other potential scenarios for the SMCNOD origin are a transient overdensity within the SMC tidal radius or a primordial SMC satellite in advanced stage of disruption.",

keywords = "Galaxies: Interactions, Magellanic clouds",

author = "A. Pieres and Santiago, {B. X.} and A. Drlica-Wagner and K. Bechtol and {Van Der Marel}, {R. P.} and G. Besla and Martin, {N. F.} and V. Belokurov and C. Gallart and D. Martinez-Delgado and J. Marshall and N{\"o}el, {N. E.D.} and Majewski, {S. R.} and Cioni, {M. R.L.} and Li, {T. S.} and W. Hartley and E. Luque and Conn, {B. C.} and Walker, {A. R.} and E. Balbinot and Stringfellow, {G. S.} and Olsen, {K. A.G.} and D. Nidever and {Da Costa}, {L. N.} and R. Ogando and M. Maia and {Fausti Neto}, A. and Abbott, {T. M.C.} and Abdalla, {F. B.} and S. Allam and J. Annis and A. Benoit-L{\'e}vy and {Carnero Rosell}, A. and {Carrasco Kind}, M. and J. Carretero and Cunha, {C. E.} and D{\textquoteright}Andrea, {C. B.} and S. Desai and Diehl, {H. T.} and P. Doel and B. Flaugher and P. Fosalba and J. Garc{\'i}a-Bellido and D. Gruen and Gruendl, {R. A.} and J. Gschwend and G. Gutierrez and K. Honscheid and D. James and K. Kuehn and N. Kuropatkin and F. Menanteau and R. Miquel and Plazas, {A. A.} and Romer, {A. K.} and M. Sako and E. Sanchez and V. Scarpine and M. Schubnell and I. Sevilla-Noarbe and Smith, {R. C.} and M. Soares-Santos and F. Sobreira and E. Suchyta and Swanson, {M. E.C.} and G. Tarle and Tucker, {D. L.} and W. Wester",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors.",

year = "2017",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stx507",

language = "English",

volume = "468",

pages = "1349--1360",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "2",

}

Pieres, A, Santiago, BX, Drlica-Wagner, A, Bechtol, K, Van Der Marel, RP, Besla, G, Martin, NF, Belokurov, V, Gallart, C, Martinez-Delgado, D, Marshall, J, Nöel, NED, Majewski, SR, Cioni, MRL, Li, TS, Hartley, W, Luque, E, Conn, BC, Walker, AR, Balbinot, E, Stringfellow, GS, Olsen, KAG, Nidever, D, Da Costa, LN, Ogando, R, Maia, M, Fausti Neto, A, Abbott, TMC, Abdalla, FB, Allam, S, Annis, J, Benoit-Lévy, A, Carnero Rosell, A, Carrasco Kind, M, Carretero, J, Cunha, CE, D’Andrea, CB, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, García-Bellido, J, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Honscheid, K, James, D, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Plazas, AA, Romer, AK, Sako, M, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schubnell, M, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Smith, RC, Soares-Santos, M, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Tucker, DL & Wester, W 2017, 'A stellar overdensity associated with the small magellanic cloud', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 468, no. 2, pp. 1349-1360. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx507

TY - JOUR

T1 - A stellar overdensity associated with the small magellanic cloud

AU - Pieres, A.

AU - Santiago, B. X.

AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Van Der Marel, R. P.

AU - Besla, G.

AU - Martin, N. F.

AU - Belokurov, V.

AU - Gallart, C.

AU - Martinez-Delgado, D.

AU - Marshall, J.

AU - Nöel, N. E.D.

AU - Majewski, S. R.

AU - Cioni, M. R.L.

AU - Li, T. S.

AU - Hartley, W.

AU - Luque, E.

AU - Conn, B. C.

AU - Walker, A. R.

AU - Balbinot, E.

AU - Stringfellow, G. S.

AU - Olsen, K. A.G.

AU - Nidever, D.

AU - Da Costa, L. N.

AU - Ogando, R.

AU - Maia, M.

AU - Fausti Neto, A.

AU - Abbott, T. M.C.

AU - Abdalla, F. B.

AU - Allam, S.

AU - Annis, J.

AU - Benoit-Lévy, A.

AU - Carnero Rosell, A.

AU - Carrasco Kind, M.

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - Cunha, C. E.

AU - D’Andrea, C. B.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Doel, P.

AU - Flaugher, B.

AU - Fosalba, P.

AU - García-Bellido, J.

AU - Gruen, D.

AU - Gruendl, R. A.

AU - Gschwend, J.

AU - Gutierrez, G.

AU - Honscheid, K.

AU - James, D.

AU - Kuehn, K.

AU - Kuropatkin, N.

AU - Menanteau, F.

AU - Miquel, R.

AU - Plazas, A. A.

AU - Romer, A. K.

AU - Sako, M.

AU - Sanchez, E.

AU - Scarpine, V.

AU - Schubnell, M.

AU - Sevilla-Noarbe, I.

AU - Smith, R. C.

AU - Soares-Santos, M.

AU - Sobreira, F.

AU - Suchyta, E.

AU - Swanson, M. E.C.

AU - Tarle, G.

AU - Tucker, D. L.

AU - Wester, W.

PY - 2017/6

Y1 - 2017/6

N2 - We report the discovery of a stellar overdensity 8◦ north of the centre of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC; Small Magellanic Cloud Northern Over-Density; SMCNOD), using data from the first 2 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the first year of the MAGellanic SatelLITEs Survey (MagLiteS). The SMCNOD is indistinguishable in age, metallicity and distance from the nearby SMC stars, being primarily composed of intermediate-age stars (6 Gyr, Z=0.001), with a small fraction of young stars (1 Gyr, Z=0.01). The SMCNOD has an elongated shape with an ellipticity of 0.6 and a size of ∼ 6◦ × 2◦. It has an absolute magnitude of MV∼= −7.7, rh = 2.1 kpc, and μV(r < rh) = 31.2 mag arcsec−2. We estimate a stellar mass of ∼105 M, following a Kroupa mass function. The SMCNOD was probably removed from the SMC disc by tidal stripping, since it is located near the head of the Magellanic Stream, and the literature indicates likely recent Large Magellanic Cloud-SMC encounters. This scenario is supported by the lack of significant H I gas. Other potential scenarios for the SMCNOD origin are a transient overdensity within the SMC tidal radius or a primordial SMC satellite in advanced stage of disruption.

AB - We report the discovery of a stellar overdensity 8◦ north of the centre of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC; Small Magellanic Cloud Northern Over-Density; SMCNOD), using data from the first 2 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the first year of the MAGellanic SatelLITEs Survey (MagLiteS). The SMCNOD is indistinguishable in age, metallicity and distance from the nearby SMC stars, being primarily composed of intermediate-age stars (6 Gyr, Z=0.001), with a small fraction of young stars (1 Gyr, Z=0.01). The SMCNOD has an elongated shape with an ellipticity of 0.6 and a size of ∼ 6◦ × 2◦. It has an absolute magnitude of MV∼= −7.7, rh = 2.1 kpc, and μV(r < rh) = 31.2 mag arcsec−2. We estimate a stellar mass of ∼105 M, following a Kroupa mass function. The SMCNOD was probably removed from the SMC disc by tidal stripping, since it is located near the head of the Magellanic Stream, and the literature indicates likely recent Large Magellanic Cloud-SMC encounters. This scenario is supported by the lack of significant H I gas. Other potential scenarios for the SMCNOD origin are a transient overdensity within the SMC tidal radius or a primordial SMC satellite in advanced stage of disruption.

KW - Galaxies: Interactions

KW - Magellanic clouds

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034601192&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stx507

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stx507

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85034601192

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 468

SP - 1349

EP - 1360

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 2

ER -

A stellar overdensity associated with the small magellanic cloud

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