A Review of Torque-Dense Electric Drive Systems with Potential to Bridge the Gap with Hydraulics for Off-Highway Vehicle Electrification

F. N.U. Nishanth; Eric L. Severson

doi:10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813839

A Review of Torque-Dense Electric Drive Systems with Potential to Bridge the Gap with Hydraulics for Off-Highway Vehicle Electrification

F. N.U. Nishanth, Eric L. Severson

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Electrification of off-highway vehicles offers the benefits of improved energy efficiency, enhanced control, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. However, progress towards electrification has been limited by the low torque-density (30 kNm/m3) of conventional electric machines compared to mobile hydraulic machines (340 - 600 kNm/m3). This paper reviews emerging torque-dense electric machine variants and techniques to improve the torque-density of electric machines for enabling electrified off-highway vehicles. Key metrics are identified for the electric machine, based on which the following four technologies that promise to improve torque-density are reviewed: i) multi-harmonic current injection, ii) combined radial-axial flux machines, iii) magnetic gears, and iv) magnetically-geared machines. The findings from this review show that these technologies can achieve upwards of 300% improvement in electric machine torque-density, with several designs exceeding 100 kNm/m3, making them worthy candidates for further research to bridge the torque-density gap with hydraulic machines.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	397-402
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9781665405607
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813839
State	Published - 2022
Externally published	Yes
Event	2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022 - Anaheim, United States Duration: Jun 15 2022 → Jun 17 2022

Publication series

Name	2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022

Conference

Conference	2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022
Country/Territory	United States
City	Anaheim
Period	06/15/22 → 06/17/22

Funding

This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Award Number DE-EE0008384. The authors would like to acknowledge the support they received in compiling this literature review from Bharat Ramadas from the Wisconsin Electric Machines and Power Electronics Consortium (WEMPEC), Michael J Gust from the Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power (CCEFP), and James Van de Ven from the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities

Keywords

combined radial-axial flux machines
hydraulic machines
magnetic gears
magnetically-geared machines
multi-harmonic current injection
Off-highway vehicle electrification
Torque-density

Access to Document

10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813839

Cite this

Nishanth, F. N. U., & Severson, E. L. (2022). A Review of Torque-Dense Electric Drive Systems with Potential to Bridge the Gap with Hydraulics for Off-Highway Vehicle Electrification. In 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022 (pp. 397-402). (2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813839

Nishanth, F. N.U. ; Severson, Eric L. / A Review of Torque-Dense Electric Drive Systems with Potential to Bridge the Gap with Hydraulics for Off-Highway Vehicle Electrification. 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022. pp. 397-402 (2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022).

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title = "A Review of Torque-Dense Electric Drive Systems with Potential to Bridge the Gap with Hydraulics for Off-Highway Vehicle Electrification",

abstract = "Electrification of off-highway vehicles offers the benefits of improved energy efficiency, enhanced control, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. However, progress towards electrification has been limited by the low torque-density (30 kNm/m3) of conventional electric machines compared to mobile hydraulic machines (340 - 600 kNm/m3). This paper reviews emerging torque-dense electric machine variants and techniques to improve the torque-density of electric machines for enabling electrified off-highway vehicles. Key metrics are identified for the electric machine, based on which the following four technologies that promise to improve torque-density are reviewed: i) multi-harmonic current injection, ii) combined radial-axial flux machines, iii) magnetic gears, and iv) magnetically-geared machines. The findings from this review show that these technologies can achieve upwards of 300% improvement in electric machine torque-density, with several designs exceeding 100 kNm/m3, making them worthy candidates for further research to bridge the torque-density gap with hydraulic machines.",

keywords = "combined radial-axial flux machines, hydraulic machines, magnetic gears, magnetically-geared machines, multi-harmonic current injection, Off-highway vehicle electrification, Torque-density",

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Nishanth, FNU & Severson, EL 2022, A Review of Torque-Dense Electric Drive Systems with Potential to Bridge the Gap with Hydraulics for Off-Highway Vehicle Electrification. in 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022. 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 397-402, 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022, Anaheim, United States, 06/15/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813839

A Review of Torque-Dense Electric Drive Systems with Potential to Bridge the Gap with Hydraulics for Off-Highway Vehicle Electrification. / Nishanth, F. N.U.; Severson, Eric L.
2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022. p. 397-402 (2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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Nishanth FNU, Severson EL. A Review of Torque-Dense Electric Drive Systems with Potential to Bridge the Gap with Hydraulics for Off-Highway Vehicle Electrification. In 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2022. p. 397-402. (2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2022). doi: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813839

A Review of Torque-Dense Electric Drive Systems with Potential to Bridge the Gap with Hydraulics for Off-Highway Vehicle Electrification

Abstract

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Funding

Keywords

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