A pixelated x-ray detector for diffraction imaging at next-generation high-rate FEL sources

L. Lodola; L. Ratti; D. Comotti; L. Fabris; M. Grassi; P. Malcovati; M. Manghisoni; V. Re; G. Traversi; C. Vacchi; G. Batignani; S. Bettarini; F. Forti; G. Casarosa; F. Morsani; A. Paladino; E. Paoloni; G. Rizzo; M. A. Benkechkache; G. F. Dalla Betta; R. Mendicino; L. Pancheri; G. Verzellesi; H. Xu

doi:10.1117/12.2276966

A pixelated x-ray detector for diffraction imaging at next-generation high-rate FEL sources

L. Lodola, L. Ratti, D. Comotti, L. Fabris, M. Grassi, P. Malcovati, M. Manghisoni, V. Re, G. Traversi, C. Vacchi, G. Batignani, S. Bettarini, F. Forti, G. Casarosa, F. Morsani, A. Paladino, E. Paoloni, G. Rizzo, M. A. Benkechkache, G. F. Dalla BettaR. Mendicino, L. Pancheri, G. Verzellesi, H. Xu

Radiation Imaging and Advanced Diagnosti

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

The PixFEL collaboration has developed the building blocks for an X-ray imager to be used in applications at FELs. In particular, slim edge pixel detectors with high detection efficiency over a broad energy range, from 1 to 12 keV, have been developed. Moreover, a multichannel readout chip, called PFM2 (PixFEL front-end Matrix 2) and consisting of 32 × 32 cells, has been designed and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The pixel pitch is 110 μm, the overall area is around 16 mm2. In the chip, different solutions have been implemented for the readout channel, which includes a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) with dynamic signal compression, a time-variant shaper and an A-To-D converter with a 10 bit resolution. The CSA can be configured in four different gain modes, so as to comply with photon energies in the 1 to 10 keV range. The paper will describe in detail the channel architecture and present the results from the characterization of PFM2. It will discuss the design of a new version of the chip, called PFM3, suitable for post-processing with peripheral, under-pad through silicon vias (TSVs), which are needed to develop four-side buttable chips and cover large surfaces with minimum inactive area.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX
Editors	Ralph B. James, Michael Fiederle, Arnold Burger, Stephen A. Payne, Larry Franks
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Electronic)	9781510612419
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2276966
State	Published - 2017
Event	Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX 2017 - San Diego, United States Duration: Aug 7 2017 → Aug 9 2017

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	10392
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Conference

Conference	Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX 2017
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Diego
Period	08/7/17 → 08/9/17

Keywords

Pixel detectors
Readout electronics
TSV
Vertical integration
X-ray FEL

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10.1117/12.2276966

Cite this

Lodola, L., Ratti, L., Comotti, D., Fabris, L., Grassi, M., Malcovati, P., Manghisoni, M., Re, V., Traversi, G., Vacchi, C., Batignani, G., Bettarini, S., Forti, F., Casarosa, G., Morsani, F., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Rizzo, G., Benkechkache, M. A., ... Xu, H. (2017). A pixelated x-ray detector for diffraction imaging at next-generation high-rate FEL sources. In R. B. James, M. Fiederle, A. Burger, S. A. Payne, & L. Franks (Eds.), Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX Article 03920D (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 10392). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2276966

Lodola, L. ; Ratti, L. ; Comotti, D. et al. / A pixelated x-ray detector for diffraction imaging at next-generation high-rate FEL sources. Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX. editor / Ralph B. James ; Michael Fiederle ; Arnold Burger ; Stephen A. Payne ; Larry Franks. SPIE, 2017. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering).

@inproceedings{12b786a14e8e4fef83839cb1c406647c,

title = "A pixelated x-ray detector for diffraction imaging at next-generation high-rate FEL sources",

abstract = "The PixFEL collaboration has developed the building blocks for an X-ray imager to be used in applications at FELs. In particular, slim edge pixel detectors with high detection efficiency over a broad energy range, from 1 to 12 keV, have been developed. Moreover, a multichannel readout chip, called PFM2 (PixFEL front-end Matrix 2) and consisting of 32 × 32 cells, has been designed and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The pixel pitch is 110 μm, the overall area is around 16 mm2. In the chip, different solutions have been implemented for the readout channel, which includes a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) with dynamic signal compression, a time-variant shaper and an A-To-D converter with a 10 bit resolution. The CSA can be configured in four different gain modes, so as to comply with photon energies in the 1 to 10 keV range. The paper will describe in detail the channel architecture and present the results from the characterization of PFM2. It will discuss the design of a new version of the chip, called PFM3, suitable for post-processing with peripheral, under-pad through silicon vias (TSVs), which are needed to develop four-side buttable chips and cover large surfaces with minimum inactive area.",

keywords = "Pixel detectors, Readout electronics, TSV, Vertical integration, X-ray FEL",

author = "L. Lodola and L. Ratti and D. Comotti and L. Fabris and M. Grassi and P. Malcovati and M. Manghisoni and V. Re and G. Traversi and C. Vacchi and G. Batignani and S. Bettarini and F. Forti and G. Casarosa and F. Morsani and A. Paladino and E. Paoloni and G. Rizzo and Benkechkache, {M. A.} and {Dalla Betta}, {G. F.} and R. Mendicino and L. Pancheri and G. Verzellesi and H. Xu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.; Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX 2017 ; Conference date: 07-08-2017 Through 09-08-2017",

year = "2017",

doi = "10.1117/12.2276966",

language = "English",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE",

editor = "James, {Ralph B.} and Michael Fiederle and Arnold Burger and Payne, {Stephen A.} and Larry Franks",

booktitle = "Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX",

}

Lodola, L, Ratti, L, Comotti, D, Fabris, L, Grassi, M, Malcovati, P, Manghisoni, M, Re, V, Traversi, G, Vacchi, C, Batignani, G, Bettarini, S, Forti, F, Casarosa, G, Morsani, F, Paladino, A, Paoloni, E, Rizzo, G, Benkechkache, MA, Dalla Betta, GF, Mendicino, R, Pancheri, L, Verzellesi, G & Xu, H 2017, A pixelated x-ray detector for diffraction imaging at next-generation high-rate FEL sources. in RB James, M Fiederle, A Burger, SA Payne & L Franks (eds), Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX., 03920D, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 10392, SPIE, Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX 2017, San Diego, United States, 08/7/17. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2276966

A pixelated x-ray detector for diffraction imaging at next-generation high-rate FEL sources. / Lodola, L.; Ratti, L.; Comotti, D. et al.
Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX. ed. / Ralph B. James; Michael Fiederle; Arnold Burger; Stephen A. Payne; Larry Franks. SPIE, 2017. 03920D (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 10392).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AU - Ratti, L.

AU - Comotti, D.

AU - Fabris, L.

AU - Grassi, M.

AU - Malcovati, P.

AU - Manghisoni, M.

AU - Re, V.

AU - Traversi, G.

AU - Vacchi, C.

AU - Batignani, G.

AU - Bettarini, S.

AU - Forti, F.

AU - Casarosa, G.

AU - Morsani, F.

AU - Paladino, A.

AU - Paoloni, E.

AU - Rizzo, G.

AU - Benkechkache, M. A.

AU - Dalla Betta, G. F.

AU - Mendicino, R.

AU - Pancheri, L.

AU - Verzellesi, G.

AU - Xu, H.

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - The PixFEL collaboration has developed the building blocks for an X-ray imager to be used in applications at FELs. In particular, slim edge pixel detectors with high detection efficiency over a broad energy range, from 1 to 12 keV, have been developed. Moreover, a multichannel readout chip, called PFM2 (PixFEL front-end Matrix 2) and consisting of 32 × 32 cells, has been designed and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The pixel pitch is 110 μm, the overall area is around 16 mm2. In the chip, different solutions have been implemented for the readout channel, which includes a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) with dynamic signal compression, a time-variant shaper and an A-To-D converter with a 10 bit resolution. The CSA can be configured in four different gain modes, so as to comply with photon energies in the 1 to 10 keV range. The paper will describe in detail the channel architecture and present the results from the characterization of PFM2. It will discuss the design of a new version of the chip, called PFM3, suitable for post-processing with peripheral, under-pad through silicon vias (TSVs), which are needed to develop four-side buttable chips and cover large surfaces with minimum inactive area.

AB - The PixFEL collaboration has developed the building blocks for an X-ray imager to be used in applications at FELs. In particular, slim edge pixel detectors with high detection efficiency over a broad energy range, from 1 to 12 keV, have been developed. Moreover, a multichannel readout chip, called PFM2 (PixFEL front-end Matrix 2) and consisting of 32 × 32 cells, has been designed and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The pixel pitch is 110 μm, the overall area is around 16 mm2. In the chip, different solutions have been implemented for the readout channel, which includes a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) with dynamic signal compression, a time-variant shaper and an A-To-D converter with a 10 bit resolution. The CSA can be configured in four different gain modes, so as to comply with photon energies in the 1 to 10 keV range. The paper will describe in detail the channel architecture and present the results from the characterization of PFM2. It will discuss the design of a new version of the chip, called PFM3, suitable for post-processing with peripheral, under-pad through silicon vias (TSVs), which are needed to develop four-side buttable chips and cover large surfaces with minimum inactive area.

KW - Pixel detectors

KW - Readout electronics

KW - TSV

KW - Vertical integration

KW - X-ray FEL

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T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX

A2 - James, Ralph B.

A2 - Fiederle, Michael

A2 - Burger, Arnold

A2 - Payne, Stephen A.

A2 - Franks, Larry

PB - SPIE

T2 - Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX 2017

Y2 - 7 August 2017 through 9 August 2017

ER -

Lodola L, Ratti L, Comotti D, Fabris L, Grassi M, Malcovati P et al. A pixelated x-ray detector for diffraction imaging at next-generation high-rate FEL sources. In James RB, Fiederle M, Burger A, Payne SA, Franks L, editors, Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX. SPIE. 2017. 03920D. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.2276966

A pixelated x-ray detector for diffraction imaging at next-generation high-rate FEL sources

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Keywords

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