A neutron scattering and electron microscopy study of the structure, wetting, and freezing behavior of water near hydrophilic CuO-nanostructured surfaces

J. Torres; Z. N. Buck; H. Kaiser; X. He; T. White; M. Tyagi; R. A. Winholtz; F. Y. Hansen; K. W. Herwig; H. Taub

doi:10.1063/1.5060976

A neutron scattering and electron microscopy study of the structure, wetting, and freezing behavior of water near hydrophilic CuO-nanostructured surfaces

J. Torres, Z. N. Buck, H. Kaiser, X. He, T. White, M. Tyagi, R. A. Winholtz, F. Y. Hansen, K. W. Herwig, H. Taub

STS Project Technical Systems

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Abstract

Oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) provide a promising heat transfer device for a variety of applications, including the cooling of electronic devices. Recently, it has been shown that a hydrophilic, nanostructured cupric oxide (CuO) coating can significantly enhance the thermal performance of copper OHPs that use water as the working fluid. Motivated by these results, we report neutron scattering and electron microscopy (EM) measurements to investigate the interaction of water with copper-oxide surfaces on the nanoscale. Our measurements confirm earlier observations of a thin cuprous oxide (Cu ₂ O) layer growing on a bare copper substrate followed by "grass-like" CuO nanostructures. New evidence of the nanostructure hydrophilicity is provided by EM measurements of wetting and by our high-energy-resolution elastic neutron scattering measurements, showing a continuous freezing and melting of the water in our samples over a temperature range of ∼80 K. In addition, our neutron diffraction measurements are consistent with water closest to the CuO nanostructures freezing into an amorphous solid at low levels of hydration and hexagonal ice at higher hydration. In short, our findings support a strong interaction of water with the CuO nanostructures, which could significantly affect the operation of an OHP.

Original language	English
Article number	025302
Journal	Journal of Applied Physics
Volume	125
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5060976
State	Published - Jan 14 2019

Funding

This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. DGE-1069091. Access to the HFBS was provided by the Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering, a partnership between NIST and the NSF under agreement No. DMR-1508249. J.T. was partially supported by a GO! Internship funded by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). A portion of this research at ORNL’s Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Part of the electron microscopy work was supported by the University of Missouri Electron Microscopy Core’s Excellence in Microscopy award. We thank E. Mamontov and H. B. Ma for helpful discussions.

Funders	Funder number
Office of Basic Energy Sciences
Scientific User Facilities Division
U.S. National Science Foundation
National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Oak Ridge National Laboratory

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Torres, J., Buck, Z. N., Kaiser, H., He, X., White, T., Tyagi, M., Winholtz, R. A., Hansen, F. Y., Herwig, K. W., & Taub, H. (2019). A neutron scattering and electron microscopy study of the structure, wetting, and freezing behavior of water near hydrophilic CuO-nanostructured surfaces. Journal of Applied Physics, 125(2), Article 025302. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5060976

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abstract = " Oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) provide a promising heat transfer device for a variety of applications, including the cooling of electronic devices. Recently, it has been shown that a hydrophilic, nanostructured cupric oxide (CuO) coating can significantly enhance the thermal performance of copper OHPs that use water as the working fluid. Motivated by these results, we report neutron scattering and electron microscopy (EM) measurements to investigate the interaction of water with copper-oxide surfaces on the nanoscale. Our measurements confirm earlier observations of a thin cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) layer growing on a bare copper substrate followed by {"}grass-like{"} CuO nanostructures. New evidence of the nanostructure hydrophilicity is provided by EM measurements of wetting and by our high-energy-resolution elastic neutron scattering measurements, showing a continuous freezing and melting of the water in our samples over a temperature range of ∼80 K. In addition, our neutron diffraction measurements are consistent with water closest to the CuO nanostructures freezing into an amorphous solid at low levels of hydration and hexagonal ice at higher hydration. In short, our findings support a strong interaction of water with the CuO nanostructures, which could significantly affect the operation of an OHP.",

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AB - Oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) provide a promising heat transfer device for a variety of applications, including the cooling of electronic devices. Recently, it has been shown that a hydrophilic, nanostructured cupric oxide (CuO) coating can significantly enhance the thermal performance of copper OHPs that use water as the working fluid. Motivated by these results, we report neutron scattering and electron microscopy (EM) measurements to investigate the interaction of water with copper-oxide surfaces on the nanoscale. Our measurements confirm earlier observations of a thin cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) layer growing on a bare copper substrate followed by "grass-like" CuO nanostructures. New evidence of the nanostructure hydrophilicity is provided by EM measurements of wetting and by our high-energy-resolution elastic neutron scattering measurements, showing a continuous freezing and melting of the water in our samples over a temperature range of ∼80 K. In addition, our neutron diffraction measurements are consistent with water closest to the CuO nanostructures freezing into an amorphous solid at low levels of hydration and hexagonal ice at higher hydration. In short, our findings support a strong interaction of water with the CuO nanostructures, which could significantly affect the operation of an OHP.

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A neutron scattering and electron microscopy study of the structure, wetting, and freezing behavior of water near hydrophilic CuO-nanostructured surfaces

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