A magnon band analysis of GdRu2Si2 in the field-polarized state

G. D.A. Wood; J. R. Stewart; D. A. Mayoh; J. A.M. Paddison; J. Bouaziz; S. M. Tobin; O. A. Petrenko; M. R. Lees; P. Manuel; J. B. Staunton; G. Balakrishnan

doi:10.1038/s41535-025-00755-6

A magnon band analysis of GdRu₂Si₂ in the field-polarized state

G. D.A. Wood, J. R. Stewart, D. A. Mayoh, J. A.M. Paddison, J. Bouaziz, S. M. Tobin, O. A. Petrenko, M. R. Lees, P. Manuel, J. B. Staunton, G. Balakrishnan

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Abstract

Understanding the formation of skyrmions in centrosymmetric materials is a problem of fundamental and technological interest. GdRu₂Si₂ is a candidate material that hosts a variety of multi-Q magnetic phases, including in zero-field. Here, inelastic neutron scattering is used to measure the spin excitations in the field-polarized phase of GdRu₂Si₂. Linear spin wave theory and a method of interaction invariant path analysis are used to derive a Hamiltonian accounting for the spectra. The Hamiltonian, dominated by bilinear (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida) Heisenberg exchange, compares favorably to ab initio calculations. Dipolar interactions are a secondary energy scale to consider, with J_D.D~ 0.05J_RKKY. However, it is shown that in the field-polarized phase the dipolar interactions ‘self screen’ so that their effect is largely suppressed. No specific evidence for higher-order exchange is found. These aspects are discussed in the context of the lower field multi-Q states and the anisotropy of the system.

Original language	English
Article number	39
Journal	npj Quantum Materials
Volume	10
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-025-00755-6
State	Published - Dec 2025

Funding

We are grateful for the useful discussions with Jacob Wilkins (Scientific Computing Department, STFC), Manh Duc Le, Toby Perring, Travis Williams, David Voneshen (ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC), and Harry Lane (University of Manchester). The work of J. A. M. P. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. This paper was financially supported by two Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council grants: EP/T005963/1, the UK Skyrmion Project, EP/N032128/1 and by the U.K. Research and Innovation and Science and Technology Facilities Council through the provision of beam time at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, as well as partial funding for the 160Gd isotope. The 160Gd isotope was procured from the National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA.

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abstract = "Understanding the formation of skyrmions in centrosymmetric materials is a problem of fundamental and technological interest. GdRu2Si2 is a candidate material that hosts a variety of multi-Q magnetic phases, including in zero-field. Here, inelastic neutron scattering is used to measure the spin excitations in the field-polarized phase of GdRu2Si2. Linear spin wave theory and a method of interaction invariant path analysis are used to derive a Hamiltonian accounting for the spectra. The Hamiltonian, dominated by bilinear (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida) Heisenberg exchange, compares favorably to ab initio calculations. Dipolar interactions are a secondary energy scale to consider, with JD.D\textasciitilde{} 0.05JRKKY. However, it is shown that in the field-polarized phase the dipolar interactions {\textquoteleft}self screen{\textquoteright} so that their effect is largely suppressed. No specific evidence for higher-order exchange is found. These aspects are discussed in the context of the lower field multi-Q states and the anisotropy of the system.",

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doi = "10.1038/s41535-025-00755-6",

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AU - Stewart, J. R.

AU - Mayoh, D. A.

AU - Paddison, J. A.M.

AU - Bouaziz, J.

AU - Tobin, S. M.

AU - Petrenko, O. A.

AU - Lees, M. R.

AU - Manuel, P.

AU - Staunton, J. B.

AU - Balakrishnan, G.

PY - 2025/12

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N2 - Understanding the formation of skyrmions in centrosymmetric materials is a problem of fundamental and technological interest. GdRu2Si2 is a candidate material that hosts a variety of multi-Q magnetic phases, including in zero-field. Here, inelastic neutron scattering is used to measure the spin excitations in the field-polarized phase of GdRu2Si2. Linear spin wave theory and a method of interaction invariant path analysis are used to derive a Hamiltonian accounting for the spectra. The Hamiltonian, dominated by bilinear (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida) Heisenberg exchange, compares favorably to ab initio calculations. Dipolar interactions are a secondary energy scale to consider, with JD.D~ 0.05JRKKY. However, it is shown that in the field-polarized phase the dipolar interactions ‘self screen’ so that their effect is largely suppressed. No specific evidence for higher-order exchange is found. These aspects are discussed in the context of the lower field multi-Q states and the anisotropy of the system.

AB - Understanding the formation of skyrmions in centrosymmetric materials is a problem of fundamental and technological interest. GdRu2Si2 is a candidate material that hosts a variety of multi-Q magnetic phases, including in zero-field. Here, inelastic neutron scattering is used to measure the spin excitations in the field-polarized phase of GdRu2Si2. Linear spin wave theory and a method of interaction invariant path analysis are used to derive a Hamiltonian accounting for the spectra. The Hamiltonian, dominated by bilinear (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida) Heisenberg exchange, compares favorably to ab initio calculations. Dipolar interactions are a secondary energy scale to consider, with JD.D~ 0.05JRKKY. However, it is shown that in the field-polarized phase the dipolar interactions ‘self screen’ so that their effect is largely suppressed. No specific evidence for higher-order exchange is found. These aspects are discussed in the context of the lower field multi-Q states and the anisotropy of the system.

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A magnon band analysis of GdRu₂Si₂ in the field-polarized state

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