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A linear collider vision for the future of particle physics

  • H. Abramowicz
  • , E. Adli
  • , F. Alharthi
  • , M. Almanza-Soto
  • , M. M. Altakach
  • , W. Altmannshofer
  • , S. Ampudia Castelazo
  • , D. Angal-Kalinin
  • , J. Anguiano
  • , R. B. Appleby
  • , O. Apsimon
  • , A. Arbey
  • , F. Arco
  • , O. Arquero
  • , A. Aryshev
  • , S. Asai
  • , D. Attié
  • , J. L. Avila-Jimenez
  • , H. Baer
  • , J. A. Bagger
    • Y. Bai, I. R. Bailey, C. Balazs, P. Bambade, T. Barklow, J. Baudot, P. Bechtle, T. Behnke, A. B. Bellerive, S. Belomestnykh, Y. Benhammou, J. Berenguer-Antequera, M. Berger, M. Berggren, M. Bertucci, M. Besançon, D. Bett, P. C. Bhat, T. Biekötter, S. Bilanishvili, B. Bilki, V. M. Bjelland, J. Björklund Svensson, C. Blanch, J. de Blas, B. Bliewert, M. Boehler, S. Boogert, M. Boronat, V. Boudry, D. Bourilkov, I. Bozovic, J. Braathen, J. E. Brau, C. Breuning, J. C. Brient, I. Brock, B. Brudnowski, K. Buesser, E. Bulyak, P. N. Burrows, G. Burt, O. Cakir, A. Caldwell, A. C. Canbay, F. G. Celiberto, E. Cenni, I. Chaikovska, R. Chehab, J. B.B. Chen, G. Chen, T. Chikamatsu, V. Cilento, P. Colas, M. Coman, E. Del Core, L. Corner, F. Cornet, F. Cornet-Gomez, F. Corriveau, R. Corsini, J. Cvach, C. Damerell, R. D’Arcy, A. Das, S. Dasu, M. Demarteau, H. Denizli, R. Dermisek, A. Dhar, S. Dittmaier, F. Djurabekova, E. M. Donegani, A. Doyle, P. Drobniak, B. Dudar, H. Duran Yildiz, G. Durieux, J. Dutta, S. Easo, G. Eckerlin, U. Einhaus, C. Emma, E. Esarey, D. Esperante, D. Espriu, L. R. Evans, J. Farmer, A. Faus Golfe, M. Fernandez, J. C. Fernandez-Ortega, M. Formela, A. Formenti, L. J. Forrester, B. Foster, N. Fourches, M. C. Fouz, A. Freitas, C. D. Fu, K. Fujii, J. Fujimoto, B. Fuks, J. Fuster, N. Fuster-Martínez, M. Gabelmann, F. Gaede, M. Galletti, E. Gallo, S. Ganjour, M. V. Garzelli, R. L. Geng, S. Gessner, I. D. Gialamas, B. Gimeno, J. Goldstein, M. Goncerz, A. J. Gonsalves, F. J. Gonzalez, D. González-Iglesias, S. Gori, J. Grames, P. Grannis, L. Gray, G. Grenier, H. Guler, H. E. Haber, K. Hamaguchi, N. Hamann, O. Hartbrich, N. M. Hartman, S. Heinemeyer, G. Heinrich, C. Hensel, K. Hidaka, S. Hirose, A. H. Hoang, M. J. Hogan, W. Hollik, Y. Horii, R. Hosokawa, S. Huang, G. Hütsi, D. Hynds, M. Idzik, S. Iguro, Y. Iiyama, K. Ikematsu, A. Irles, A. Ishikawa, M. Ishino, I. P. Ivanov, Y. Iwashita, M. Jacewicz, R. Jaramillo, D. Jeans, C. Jing, R. M. Jones, W. Kaabi, D. Käfer, M. Kagan, J. Kalinowski, D. K. Kalvik, J. Kaminski, S. Kanemura, K. Kannike, A. Karam, Y. Kato, K. Kawagoe, L. Kennedy, J. Kersten, S. A. Khan, V. A. Khoze, W. Kilian, J. Klamka, P. Kluit, K. Kong, R. Van Kooten, P. Koppenburg, A. Korsun, A. V. Kotwal, S. Kraml, K. Krüger, T. Kubo, K. Kubo, M. Kucharczyk, S. Kuday, N. Kumar, A. Kumar, M. Kurata, Y. Kurihara, M. Kuriki, J. Kvasnička, K. Kyoya, I. Laktineh, A. Latina, F. LeDiberder, A. Levy, M. Liepe, C. A. Lindstrøm, J. List, B. List, M. Litos, V. N. Litvinenko, A. Lopez-Virto, X. Lu, T. Luo, M. Lupberger, J. P. Márquez, B. Madison, T. Madlener, J. Maeda, F. Mahmoudi, E. Maina, N. Majernik, R. Margraf-O’Neal, T. W. Markiewicz, A. Martens, V. J. Martin, P. Martín-Luna, L. Marzola, V. I. Maslov, K. T. Matchev, S. Matsumoto, K. Mawatari, A. McIlvenny, P. A. McIntosh, K. Mekala, D. Melini, F. Meloni, A. Menéndez, S. Michizono, K. Mimasu, V. Miralles, W. Mitaroff, V. A. Mitsou, L. Monaco, G. Moortgat-Pick, M. Moreno-Llácer, T. Mori, J. Moron, S. Morton, D. Moya, M. M. Mühlleitner, M. Mulder, P. Munbodh, H. Murayama, E. Musumeci, V. V. Mytrochenko, N. Nagata, E. Nagy, T. Nakada, J. Nakajima, K. Nakamura, E. A. Nanni, E. Nardi, S. Narita, M. Nojiri, D. Ntounis, M. T. Núñez Pardo de Vera, A. Ody, O. M. Ogreid, T. Ohl, Y. Okada, C. Oleari, M. Olvegøard, M. Omet, T. Omori, Y. Onel, H. Ono, W. Ootani, C. Orero, J. Osborne, K. Österberg, J. Osterhoff, M. Ouchemhou, Q. Ouyang, S. Pagan Griso, R. Paparella, S. C. Park, J. Pata, J. R. Patterson, L. K. Pedraza-Motavita, F. Peña, M. E. Peskin, F. Pilat, P. Piot, S. Plätzer, I. Polák, W. Porod, R. Pöschl, K. Potamianos, C. T. Potter, P. Poulose, J. G. Power, T. A. du Pree, D. Protopopescu, H. R. Qi, J. Rabara Bailey, A. Racioppi, M. Raidal, J. P. Ralston, A. Rastogi, L. Reichenbach, L. Reichwein, L. Reina, J. Reuter, F. Richard, S. Riemann, R. A. Rimmer, T. Robens, A. Robson, G. Rodrigo, C. S. Rogan, J. Rojo, M. Q. Ruan, S. Rudrabhatla, A. Ruiz-Jimeno, T. Saeki, H. Sakai, Y. Sakaki, F. Salvatore, T. Sanuki, S. Sasikumar, A. Scheinker, T. Schörner, C. B. Schroeder, S. Schroeder, I. Schulthess, M. Schumacher, A. Schwartzman, Y. Seiya, A. Senol, H. Sert, D. Sertore, A. Seryi, T. Shidara, K. Sjobak, I. Smiljanic, S. Spannagel, M. Spira, M. Stanitzki, S. Stapnes, D. Storey, J. Strube, S. Su, A. Subba, T. Suehara, H. Sugawara, K. Sugizaki, Z. Sun, R. Szafron, T. Takahashi, T. Takeshita, T. Tauchi, G. Taylor, N. Terunuma, D. Terzani, T. Teubner, J. Tian, J. van Tilborg, J. Timmermans, M. Titov, R. Tomás García, T. Tong, J. M. Torndal, M. Trautwein, A. Tricoli, K. Tsumura, B. Tuchming, D. Tuckler, I. Turk Cakir, M. Tytgat, A. Ukleja, C. Vallee, A. Vauth, M. Vellasco, C. Vernieri, L. Verra, M. Vicente Barreto Pinto, I. Vidakovic, H. Videau, E. Viklund, I. Vila, M. Villaplana, M. Vos, N. Vukasinovic, N. Walker, K. Wandall-Christensen, Y. Wang, B. F.L. Ward, Z. Was, T. Watanabe, N. K. Watson, G. Weiglein, J. D. Wells, H. Wennlöf, M. Wenskat, S. Westhoff, J. W. Wetzel, A. P. White, M. Williams, P. H. Williams, G. W. Wilson, M. Wing, M. Winter, A. Winter, T. Wojton, J. C. Wood, W. Wuensch, X. Xia, K. Yagyu, A. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, H. Yamamoto, S. Yamashita, M. Yamauchi, K. Yokoya, M. Yoshioka, J. Zálešák, A. F. Żarnecki, K. Zembaczynski, D. Zerwas, Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y. M. Zhong, M. Zielinski, M. Zobov

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear e+e− colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology that is mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach much higher energies and/or luminosities. In addition, we discuss detectors, alternative collider modes, as well as opportunities for beyond-collider experiments and R&D facilities as part of a linear collider facility (LCF). The material of this paper supports all plans for e+e− linear colliders and the additional opportunities they offer, independently of technology choice or proposed site, as well as R&D for advanced accelerator technologies. This joint perspective on the physics goals, early technologies and upgrade strategies has been developed by the LCVision team based on an initial discussion at LCWS2024 in Tokyo and a follow-up at the LCVision Community Event at CERN in January 2025. It heavily builds on decades of achievements of the global linear collider community, in particular in the context of CLIC and ILC.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEuropean Physical Journal: Special Topics
DOIs
StateAccepted/In press - 2026

Funding

This work was supported by EAJADE, a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (SE) action, funded by the EU under Horizon-Europe Grant agreement ID: 101086276; by AIDAinnova, a project within the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under GA no. 101004761; by the CNRS/IN2P3, France; by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under grant 491245950 and under Germany’s Excellence Strategy — EXC 2121 “Quantum Universe” — 390833306, and the DFG Emmy Noether Grant no. BR 6995/1-1; by a Department of Science and Technology and Anusandhan National Research Foundation Government of India Startup Research Grant, grant agreement no. SRG/2022/000363 and Core Research Grant, grant agreement no. CRG/2022/004120; by the National Science Centre (Poland) under the OPUS research project no. 2021/43/B/ST2/01778 and MAESTRO grant no. 2023/50/A/ST2/00224; by the Spanish Ministry of Science under grant agreements PID2021-122134NB-C21 and PID2021-122134NB-C22, by the Generalitat Valenciana under CIPROM/2021/073 and ASFAE2022/013 and 015, by the Severo Ochao excellence program, and by the Atracción de Talento Grant no. 2022-T1/TIC-24176 of the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant no. 214492; by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; by the US Department of Energy under contracts No. DE–AC02–76SF00515, No. 89243024CSC000002, No. DE-SC0010107, and No. DE-SC0010107, by the US National Science Foundation through the award NSF2310030, and by the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD programme.

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