A Cosmic Ray Muon Spectrometer Using Pressurized Gaseous Cherenkov Radiators

In this work, we propose a new approach to cosmic ray muon momentum measurement using multiple pressurized gaseous Cherenkov radiators. Knowledge of cosmic ray muon momentum spectrum has the potential to significantly improve and expand the use of a variety of recently developed muon-based radiographic techniques. However, existing muon tomography systems rely only on muon tracking and have no momentum measurement capabilities which reduces the image resolution and requires longer measurement times. A fieldable cosmic ray muon spectrometer with momentum measurement capabilities for use in muon tomography is currently missing. We address this challenge by optimally varying the pressure of multiple gaseous Cherenkov radiators and identifying the radiators that are triggered by muons that have momentum higher than the Cherenkov threshold momentum. We evaluate the proposed concept through Monte Carlo simulations and demonstrate that the sea level cosmic ray muon momentum spectrum can be reconstructed with sufficient accuracy and resolution for two scenarios: (i) a perfect Cherenkov radiator and (ii) a practical Cherenkov radiator where noise was introduced in the form of scintillation and transition photons. To quantify the detector classification accuracy, true and false classifications are introduced. The fraction of true classification is investigated for each momentum level in a practical radiator. The average classification rate for momenta 0.2 to 7.0 GeV/c with uncertainty 1 GeV/c was higher than 85%.