3D printing of a recycled copolyester of terephthalic acid, cyclohexanedimethanol and tetramethylcyclobutanediol

Samarthya Bhagia; Surbhi Kore; Sanjita Wasti; Jaroslav Ďurkovič; Ján Kováč; Xianhui Zhao; Hunter B. Andrews; Madhavi Martin; Nidia C. Gallego; Uday Vaidya; Soydan Ozcan

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107916

3D printing of a recycled copolyester of terephthalic acid, cyclohexanedimethanol and tetramethylcyclobutanediol

Samarthya Bhagia, Surbhi Kore, Sanjita Wasti, Jaroslav Ďurkovič, Ján Kováč, Xianhui Zhao, Hunter B. Andrews, Madhavi Martin, Nidia C. Gallego, Uday Vaidya, Soydan Ozcan

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) is a diol monomer for terephthalic acid (TPA) class of copolyesters that can increase the glass transition temperature and mechanical strength in comparison to conventional TPA polyesters. TMCD-modified poly (1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCTT) has been used to manufacture consumer products with good toughness, heat resistance and clarity. However, the suitability of PCTT in 3D printing had not been evaluated. Therefore, consumer plasticware was used as the starting material to investigate the suitability of this copolyester for fused deposition modeling (FDM). Chemical structure, mechanical properties, thermal behavior and viscoelastic properties of this copolyester were studied. NMR spectroscopy found that the copolyester had cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) and TMCD contents at 76.5 mol% and 20 mol% of total diol, respectively. 280 °C printing temperature and 110 °C bed temperature were suitable conditions for printing. T_g of PCTT was 103 °C (25 °C higher than PETG). Young's modulus and impact strength of printed PCTT were at least 100% and 65% higher than printed PETG, respectively. The ease of printing, superior mechanical properties and T_g (103 °C) make the PCTT random copolyester highly applicable in additive manufacturing.

Original language	English
Article number	107916
Journal	Polymer Testing
Volume	118
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107916
State	Published - Jan 15 2023

Funding

This work was also supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract APVV-16-0326 . SB and SO acknowledge the support from the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy , Advanced Manufacturing Office under CPS Agreement 35714 . This paper was authored by UT-Battelle LLC under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with DOE. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. SB and SO acknowledge the support from the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office under CPS Agreement 35714. This paper was authored by UT-Battelle LLC under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with DOE. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. This work was also supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract APVV-16-0326. SB thanks Dr. Kamlesh Bornani for valuable discussion about the structure and characterization of PCTT.

Keywords

3D printing
Additive manufacturing
Recycling
Thermoplastics

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107916

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title = "3D printing of a recycled copolyester of terephthalic acid, cyclohexanedimethanol and tetramethylcyclobutanediol",

abstract = "2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) is a diol monomer for terephthalic acid (TPA) class of copolyesters that can increase the glass transition temperature and mechanical strength in comparison to conventional TPA polyesters. TMCD-modified poly (1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCTT) has been used to manufacture consumer products with good toughness, heat resistance and clarity. However, the suitability of PCTT in 3D printing had not been evaluated. Therefore, consumer plasticware was used as the starting material to investigate the suitability of this copolyester for fused deposition modeling (FDM). Chemical structure, mechanical properties, thermal behavior and viscoelastic properties of this copolyester were studied. NMR spectroscopy found that the copolyester had cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) and TMCD contents at 76.5 mol% and 20 mol% of total diol, respectively. 280 °C printing temperature and 110 °C bed temperature were suitable conditions for printing. Tg of PCTT was 103 °C (25 °C higher than PETG). Young's modulus and impact strength of printed PCTT were at least 100% and 65% higher than printed PETG, respectively. The ease of printing, superior mechanical properties and Tg (103 °C) make the PCTT random copolyester highly applicable in additive manufacturing.",

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AU - Bhagia, Samarthya

AU - Kore, Surbhi

AU - Wasti, Sanjita

AU - Ďurkovič, Jaroslav

AU - Kováč, Ján

AU - Zhao, Xianhui

AU - Andrews, Hunter B.

AU - Martin, Madhavi

AU - Gallego, Nidia C.

AU - Vaidya, Uday

AU - Ozcan, Soydan

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AB - 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) is a diol monomer for terephthalic acid (TPA) class of copolyesters that can increase the glass transition temperature and mechanical strength in comparison to conventional TPA polyesters. TMCD-modified poly (1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCTT) has been used to manufacture consumer products with good toughness, heat resistance and clarity. However, the suitability of PCTT in 3D printing had not been evaluated. Therefore, consumer plasticware was used as the starting material to investigate the suitability of this copolyester for fused deposition modeling (FDM). Chemical structure, mechanical properties, thermal behavior and viscoelastic properties of this copolyester were studied. NMR spectroscopy found that the copolyester had cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) and TMCD contents at 76.5 mol% and 20 mol% of total diol, respectively. 280 °C printing temperature and 110 °C bed temperature were suitable conditions for printing. Tg of PCTT was 103 °C (25 °C higher than PETG). Young's modulus and impact strength of printed PCTT were at least 100% and 65% higher than printed PETG, respectively. The ease of printing, superior mechanical properties and Tg (103 °C) make the PCTT random copolyester highly applicable in additive manufacturing.

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3D printing of a recycled copolyester of terephthalic acid, cyclohexanedimethanol and tetramethylcyclobutanediol

Abstract

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Keywords

UN SDGs

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